Birds of Antarctica. 499 



IV. SpHENISCIDjE. 



The Penguins of Antarctica, according to Dr. Donald*, 

 are four in number. 



1. Aptenodytes forsteri, Gray. 



On this well-known denizen of the Antarctic Continent, I 

 may refer to my previous article in this Journal (Ibis, 1888, 

 p. 337), in which I have given an account of all the speci- 

 mens knoAvn to me and their localities, and have pointed out 

 the undoubted distinctness of the Emperor Penguin from the 

 King Penguin {A. ^jennanti). 



Of this Penguin Dr. Donald (op. cit.) speaks as follows : — 



" The Emperor Penguin we saw swimming on one or two 

 occasions in lat. G3° S. Several were again seen on ice-floes 

 to the south of 64°, and again in the north of Erebus-and- 

 Terror Gulf, directing the movements of schools of smaller 

 Penguins. 



" Six skins were brought home by our expedition, five of 

 them in good plumage, the sixth, a young one, in imperfect 

 plumage. In addition to these, one complete and one partial 

 skeleton were obtained/^ 



2. Pygoscelis ADELINE (Hombr. & Jacq.). 



This Penguin appears to be one of the most abundant of 

 the group in the Antarctic seas. The species was discovered 

 by the naturalists of the ' Voyage an Pole Sud/ and named, 

 in 1841, after Terre Adelie, a strip of the Antarctic Continent 

 south of Australia, on which it was found. There are speci- 

 mens of it in the British Museum from the Antarctic ice 

 {Ant. Exp.) . 



There is little doubt that, as maintained by Dr. Donald, 

 DasyrliampJms herculis, Finsch (P.Z. S. 1870, p. 322, pi. xxv.), 

 is the young of this species. 



Dr. Donald says {op. cit.) : — " We saw these black-throated 

 Penguins as far south as avc went, that is, about 614°, and I 

 have no doubt they extended much farther. Within 30 



* "The reiiguiiis of Ere"bus-and-Terror (iiilf." Wy C. W. Donald, 

 M.D. Pron. It. Pbys. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xii. 



