500 On the Birds of Anturclica. 



miles of the land they were fairly numerous, but at a greater 

 distance from shore, even in the midst of abundant ice of the 

 same character, they became scarce, and only very few were 

 seen 90 miles from land. 



" Four Penguin rookeries were seen abont the south of 

 Joinville Island. One of these — a very large one — belonging 

 to this species was visited. It is situated on the north shore 

 of what our captain has called ' the Firth of Tay.^ I had 

 not the good fortune to land upon this rookery ; according 

 to the boat^s crew who did so, the birds were in countless 

 multitudes. The nests were crowded together in blocks 

 formed by pathways running nearly at right angles to one 

 another, and the birds were uniformly of the same species. 

 Two eggs from this rookery measure 2*5 inches by 2 inches 

 and 2'6 by 21 inches. 



" The cry is seldom heard, and mostly at night or when 

 the birds are disturbed. It is a short, rather harsh ' quangk ' ; 

 among themselves, when undisturbed, they make a gentle 

 crooning sound. Their food consists mainly of a rather 

 large red shrimp-like crustacean of the genus Euphausia. 

 Their stomach frequently contained a number of pebbles/^ 



3. EUDYPTES ANTARCTICA (Forst.) . 



Examples of this distinct species, originally discovered by 

 Forster near the circumpolar ice, were procured by the Ant- 

 arctic Expedition in hit. 6t° 9' S. and long. 56° W., and 

 in lat. 64° 10' S. and long. 54° W. So there can be no doubt 

 of its being essentially an Antarctic species, although it 

 also occurs occasionally in the Falklands {cf. Scl. P. Z. S. 

 1861, p. 47). 



Dr. Donald writes : — "Of ih.e P y goscelis antarctica (Forst.), 

 or Ringed Penguin, I saw only a single specimen, which I 

 obtained to the south of lat. 64° S., and about 15 miles to 

 the east of Seymore Island ; but several others were seen by 

 Mr. Bruce, of the ' Balsena/ on their first making the ice, in 

 the vicinity of the South Shetlands."" 



4. Pygoscelis t^niata (Peale). 



This Penguin, well known in the Falkland Islands, seems 



