224 PROGRESSIVE EXPANSION OF CRANIUM. 



A difference in this respect is noticeable between the 

 savage (Fig. 51) and civilized (Fig. 52) races of mankind; 

 but it is immaterial as compared with the contrast in this 

 respect presented b}^ the lowest form of the human head 

 (Fig. 51) and the highest of the brute species (Fig. 50). 



Fig. 51, 



Fig 52. 



AUSTRALIAX. 



EUROPEAN. 



Such as it is, however, the more contracted cranium is 

 commonly accompanied by more produced premaxillaries 

 and thicker walls of the cranial cavity, as is exemplified 

 in the negro or Papuan skull. 



If a line be drawn from the occipital condyle along the 

 floor of the nostrils, and be intersected by a second touch- 

 ing the most prominent parts of the forehead and upper 

 jaw, the intercepted angle gives, in a general Avay, the 

 proportions of the cranial cavity and the grade of intelli- 

 gence ; it is called the facial angle. In the dog, this angle 

 is 20° ; in the great chimpanzee, or gorilla, it is 40°, but 

 the prominent superorbital ridge occasions some exagge- 

 ration ; in the Australian it is 85° ; in the European it is 

 95°. The ancient Greek artists adopted, in their beau 

 ideal of the beautiful and intellectual, an angle of 100. 



