THE FLOEAL WORLD AND GAEDEN GUIDE. 45 



pare the bark slightly along the edge which is to be applied to the 

 unraised bark of the stock ; then, having inserted the scion, take a 

 strand of bast and pass it always round in the same direction, so as 

 to press the pared edge to the unraised b irk ; after this, cover with 

 clay, etc., as directed for tongue grafting. This mode of crown 

 grafting is by far the most successful of any which I have seen or 

 tried, and is more easily executed. 



A further precaution which I use, is always to include a bud in 

 the under part of the scion, so that, after the clay is removed, should 

 any accident occur with a favourite graft, the chances are in favour 

 of being preserved in the bud. 



As to the future management of grafting stocks, it is necessary 

 to keep down all young shoots, to remove the clay and ligature 

 about the beginning of June, to allow for the swelling of the bark, 

 and replace by another ball of clay without a ligature ; this I prefer 

 to applying a ligature without clay, which is generally done, as it 

 more effectually secures the grafts from wind or accidents. The clay 

 may be finally removed in August. 



ON LAYING OUT GABDENS. 



|N laying out gardens, it is necessary to observe a proper 

 distance in planting trees, and to make due allowance 

 for future growth. It is equally important to consider 

 their sizes and positions in relation to the garden itself 

 and to each other. Large trees in small gardens are 

 very incongruous, and should by no means be admitted. Fruit trees 

 should all be of the dwarf kind, and ornamental trees and shrubs 

 should be chosen in reference to their compactness when full grown. 

 Taste demands attention to this rule, as it is utterly impossible to 

 secure beauty in a garden overshadowed with heavy foliage. Utility 

 puts in an equal claim, as no vegetable productions can be expected 

 to come to perfection without abundance of light and air. 



In small gardens, when it is requisite to partition off some com- 

 partment for kitchen vegetables, or for the necessary frames and 

 manure heaps, it is better to have ornamental hedges than walls, as 

 the former give an air of greater extent than the latter do. White- 

 thorn and Privet, mixed, make a substantial hedge, green all the 

 year round ; but this cannot be compared with Holly, which, both 

 for beauty and effectiveness, is unequalled. The general objection 

 to holly is that it grows so slowly ; but if properly planted and 

 afterwards attended to, it will rapidly attain sufficient height for the 

 purposes of a screen. 



In the kitchen garden, the herb bed should be put in a situation 

 as near the house as possible, that unnecessary trampling on the 

 paths may be avoided in bad weather. This reminds me of the im- 

 portance of a proper arrangement of scrapers, which should be 

 introduced frequently, that the feet may be freed from dirt before 



February. 



