is' XI l Hazard, Breeding Habits of the King Pen git in. 28 1 



Penguins] build no nests whatever, carrying the egg about in a 

 pouch between the legs, and only laying it down for the purpose 

 of changing it from male to female." 



This 'Bulletin No. 2' was printed in 1875. In 1891 I had the 

 good fortune to meet this same Captain Joseph J. Fuller, then 

 about to sail for the Antarctic as Master of the sealing schooner 

 'Francis Allyn.' After some experimenting with cameras to find 

 one best suited to the bad conditions of the Antarctic, we found 

 a camera combining the essential virtues and agreed that one 

 principal point to settle should be this one as to the egg-carrying 

 habits of the Penguins. If possible a King Penguin was to be 

 photographed so as to show the egg in position in the sac 

 Captain Fuller told me he felt sure he could manage the camera, 

 which was fitted with a roll holder and films, but greatly feared 

 the dark and foggy weather prevailing would hinder the best 

 results. 



About ten months later I received four rolls of films by 

 schooner from St. Helena, where the 'Francis Allyn' had tran- 

 shipped her catch of skins. They were Eastman films and many 

 were excellent, especially such as had been exposed in sunlight 

 at Cape Town, St. Helena, and Tristan d'Acunha. But the 

 special efforts made to photograph seals, sea elephants, Penguins 

 of all degrees, Skuas {B?iphagus skua antarcticus), Johnny 

 Rooks (Scnex ausfralis), Sheath-bills {Chionis minor), and 

 many another strange and interesting denizen of that comfortless 

 Antarctic region were all failures, in part at least. The weather 

 was no doubt largely responsible for this, and in many cases there 

 was barely light enough to show a horizon line. The large per- 

 centage of failures was relieved by the fact that some of the best 

 and most decipherable among them bore precisely upon the point 

 stated by Dr. Kidder upon the authority of Captain Fuller. The 

 photograph from which Mr. E. Whitney Blake has kindly made 

 a careful scale drawing now reproduced, was one of the best of 

 three, all meant to show the egg in the pouch. All three were 

 taken on Kerguelen's Island, during January, 1S94, at which 

 time the whole 'rookery' of Penguins was incubating. While the 

 sailors caught the birds, then not a hard task, Captain Fuller 

 photographed them, and while very bad photographically, it is 

 possible to decipher at least one of them, as I think the drawing 

 36 



