596 FISHES. 



jaws Avith simple lips ; a small but very distinct barljel at the 

 angle of the mouth, quite at the extremity of the maxillary. 

 Gill-rakers very short ; pseudobranchiie. Pliaryngeal teeth, 5. 3 

 or 2.-2 or 3. 5, hooked at the end. 



The " Gudo'eons " are small fishes of clear fresh Avaters of 

 Europe ; they are, like the barbels, animal feeders. In Eastern 

 Asia they are represented by two closely allied genera, Ladis- 

 lavict and Pseudogobio. 



Ceratichthys. — Scales of moderate or small size ; lateral 

 line i^resent. Dorsal fin short, without spine, not or but slightly 

 in advance of the ventrals. Mouth subinferior ; the lower jaw 

 does not project beyond the ujiper when the mouth is open ; in- 

 termaxillaries protractile from below the maxillaries ; both jaws 

 with thickish lips ; a small barbel at the angle of the mouth, 

 quite at the extremity of the maxillary. Gill-rakers very short 

 and few in number : pseudobranchia\ Pharyngeal teeth 4—4. 

 hooked at the end (sometimes 4, 1-1. 4). 



About ten species are known from North America ; they 

 are small, and called " Chub " in the United States. C. higut- 

 tatus is, perhaps, the most widely-diffused Freshwater-fish in 

 the United States, and common everywhere. Breeding males 

 have generally a red spot on each side of the head. 



Otlier similar genera from the fresh waters of North 

 America, and generally called " ]\Iinnows," are Pimcpliales 

 (the " Black Head"), HyhorJiynelius, Hyhognathvs, Cam])ostoma 

 (the "Stone-lugger"), Ericymba, Cochlognatlms, Kcoglossum (the 

 " Stone Toter" or " Cut-lips"), and Fihinichthys (the "Long- 

 nosed Dace"). 



The remaining Old World genera belonging to the group 

 Cyprmina are Cirrhina, Dangila, Osteochilus, Barynotus, 

 Tylognathus, Ahrostomus, Crossochilus, EpcdzeorliyRchus, 

 Jjarlnelitliys, AiiiUyrlupxchicldliys, Alhulichthys, Aidopyge, 

 Bimgia, and Fscudorashora. 



III. EoiiTEiCHTHYiNA. — Anal f 71 very short, ivith not more 



