CARPS. 601 



line terminating in the median line of the depth of the tail. 

 Dorsal fin with not more than nine branched rays, insei'ted ahove 

 the root of the ventrals. Anal fin rather elongate, with ten or 

 more rays. Mouth inferior, transverse, lower jaw with a cutting 

 edge, covered with a brown horny layer. Barbels none. Gill- 

 rakers short, fine ; pseudobranchise. Pliaryngeal teeth 5 or 6 

 or 7.-7 or 6 or 5, knife-shaped, not denticulated. Peritoneum 

 black. 



Seven species from the Continent of Europe and Western 

 Asia. 



Otber Old World genera belonging to the Zeuciscina are 

 Mjflolcucus, Gteno'pharywjodon, and Fara-plioxiniis ; from Nortli 

 America : Myloiiiliarodon, Meda, Orthodon, and Acrochilus. 



IX. Ehodeixa. — Anal fin of moderate length, with from 

 nine to twelve branched rays, extending foriuards to lelow the 

 dorsal. Dorsal fin short, or of moderate length. Lateral line, 

 if complete, running along or nearly in the middle of the tail. 

 Mouth with very small, or witliont any harhcls. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in a single series. 



Very small roacli-like fishes inliabiting chiefly Eastern 

 Asia and Japan, one species {Rh. amarus) advancing into 

 Central Europe. The thirteen species known have been dis- 

 tributed among four genera, Achilognathns, Acanthorhodeus, 

 Bhodeus, and Pseudoperilampus. In the females a long 

 external urogenital tube is developed annually during the 

 spawning season. The European species is known in Ger- 

 many by the name of " Bitterling." 



X. Danionina. — Anal fin of moderate length or elongate, 

 with not less, and generally more, than eight hranched rays. 

 Lateral line running along the lovjcr half of the tail. Mouth 

 ivith small, or vnthout any, harhels. Abdomen not trenchant. 

 Pharyngeal teeth in a triple or double series. 



Small fishes from the East Indian Continent, Ceylon, 

 the East Asiatic Islands, and a few from East African Ptivers, 



