606 FISHES. 



by side, but placed in the longitudinal axis of the body, indi- 

 cate likewise that this genus is more adapted for still waters 

 of the plains than for the currents of hill-streams. 



Other genera from tropical India are Lcpidoceplialichthys, 

 Acanthopsis, Orconcctcs (hills near Hong-Kong), Paramisgur- 

 nus (Yan-tse-Kiang), Lcpidocephalus, Accent Jiophthalmus, and 

 Apua. 



Fourth Fat^iily — IvNERiiD.^i;. 



Bochj scaly, head naked. Margin of the upper jaio formed 

 hy the intermaxillaries. Dorscd and anal fins short, the former 

 })elonging to the ctbdoininal 2^ortlon of the vertebral column. 

 Teeth none, either in the month or pharynx. Barbels none. 

 Stomach sijjhoncd ; no pyloric appendaxjes. Pseudobraneliioi 

 none. Branchiostegals tlvree ; air-bladder long, not divided. 

 Ovaries closed. 



Small loach-like fishes from fresh waters of tropical 

 Africa ; two species only, JCnericc angolensis and K. spckii, are 

 known. 



Fifth Family — Characinidji. 



Body covered ivith scales, head naked ; barbels none. Mar- 

 gin of the tipper jaw formed hy the intermaxillaries in the 

 middle and by the maxillaries laterally. Generally a small 

 adijwsc fin behind the dorscd. Pyloric app)cndagcs m.ore or 

 less numerous ; air - bladder transversely divided into tivo 

 portions, and communiecding with the organ of hearing by 

 means of the auditory ossicles. Pseudobranchioe, none. 



The fislies of this family are confined to the fresh waters 

 of Africa, and especially of tropical America, where they 

 replace the Cyprinoids, with which family, however, they 

 have but little in common as far as their structural charac- 

 teristics are concerned. Their co-existence in Africa with 



