SCOMBRESOCIDiE. 619 



external eyes ; its body is coloured, but it is destitute of 

 ventrals. It was found once in a rice field in South Carolina. 



[See Tellkampf, Miill. Arch. 1844, p. 381 ; Packard and Putnam, "The 

 Mammoth Cave and its Inhabitants." Salem. 1872. 8°.] 



Eighth Family — Umbrid.e. 



Head and lody covered ivitli scales ; harhels none. Margin 

 of the upper jaiv formed hy the intermaxillaries mesially, and 

 hy the maxillaries laterally. Adipose fin none ; the dorsal fin 

 belongs partly to the abdoviincd portion of the vcrtehral column. 

 Stomach siphonal ; p)y^oric appiC7idages none ; pscudohranchice 

 glandular, hidden ; air-hladder simple. 



Two small species only are known : TJnibra hrctmeri from 

 Austria and Hungary, and Umhra limi, locally distril)uted in 

 the United States ; called " Hunds-fish " in Germany, " Dog- 

 fish " or " Mud-fish " in America. 



Ninth Family — Scombresocid^. 



Body covered ivith scales ; a series of keeled scales along each 

 side of the helly. Margin of the upper jaio formed hy the inter- 

 maxillaries mcsially, and hy the maxillaries laterally. Lower 

 pharyngeals united into a single hone. Dorsal fin opposite the 

 anal, helonging to the caudal portion of the vertehral column. 

 Adipose fin none. Air-hladder generally present, simple, some- 

 times celhdar, without pneumatic duct. Pscudohranchice hidden, 

 glandular. Stomach not distinct from the intesti7ie, tvhich is 

 quite straight, without ajjpendages. 



The fishes of this family are chiefly marine, some living in 

 the open ocean, whilst others have become acclimatised in fresh 

 water ; many of the latter are vivij^arous, all the marine 

 forms being oviparous. They are found in all the temperate 

 and tropical zones. Carnivorous. 



This family is represented in the strata of Monte Bolca 

 by rare remains of a fish named Holosteus, allied to Bclone or 



