644 FISHES. 



nately very insufficiently characterised) we enumerate the 

 following : — ^ 



a. Salmones. 



1. S. solar (Salmon ; Lachs or Salm ; Saumon) (Fig. 6, p. 43). 

 The Salmon can generally be readily recognised, but there are 

 instances in which the identification of specimens is doubtful, and 

 in which the following characters (besides others) will be of great 

 assistance. The tail is covered with relatively large scales, there 

 being constantly eleven, or sometimes twelve in a transverse series 

 running from behind the adipose fin forwards to the lateral line, 

 whilst there are from thirteen to fifteen in the different kinds of 

 Sea-trout and Eiver-trout. The number of pyloric appendages 

 (see Fig. 56, p. 131) is great, generally between 60 and 70, more 

 rarely falling to 53 or rising to 77. The body of the vomer 

 is armed with a single series of small teeth, which at an early 

 age are gradually lost from behind towards the front, so that 

 half-grown and old individuals have only a few (1-4) left. 

 The Salmon inhabits temperate Europe southwards to 43° 

 N, lat., and is not found in any of the rivers falling into the 

 Mediterranean. In the New World its southern boundary is 

 41° K lat. 



2. *S'. tniMa (Sea-trout, Salmon-trout)." — Especially numerous 

 in North Britain. 



3. S. cambricus (Sewin). — Wales, Soutli of England, Ireland, 

 Norway, and Denmark. 



4. ;S'. fario (Common River-trout). 



5. iS'. macrostigvia, (Algeria). 



6. *S'. Umanus (Lake of Geneva). 



7. S. hracliyponui. — A migratory species from the rivers Forth, 

 Tweed, and Ouse. 



8. S. gallivensis (Galway Sea-trout). 



1 For specific characters and detailed descriptious we refer to Giinther, 

 "Catal. of Fishes," vol. vi. 



2 The names "Bull-trout" and "Peal" are not attributable to definite 

 species. We have examined specimens of S. salar, S. trutta, and S. cambricus 

 and S. fario, to which the name "Bull-trout" had been given ; and that of 

 "Peal" is given indiscriminately to Salmon-gi'ilse and to S. cambriciis. 



