VOl i909" VI ] Trotter, English Names of American Birds. 357 



of habitat. The "little field sparrow" of Bartram became the 

 "Field Sparrow" of Wilson and later authors ("Bush Sparrow" 

 of Burroughs). Wilson first bestowed the vernacular title of 

 "Swamp Sparrow" upon Mclospiza georgiana, though it was known 

 to Bartram as "The reed sparrow." In like manner the name 

 "Seaside Finch" was given by Wilson to Ammodramus marifimus 

 from habitat (A. O., IV, 68). Junco hyemalis was called "Snow- 

 bird" by the early settlers from the fact of its appearance in the 

 late autumn and at the onset of winter in the coastal plain region 

 (Catesby, Kalm, Wilson, and later authors). "Junco" is a com- 

 paratively late adoption in order to avoid confusion with the Snow 

 Bunting — Plectrophenax nivalis). 



The "House Wren" is so called by Bartram (Travels, 291) and 

 the "Marsh Wren" likewise (the latter most likely referring to the 

 long-billed species). Wilson, correcting earlier errors, gave the 

 title "Winter Wren" to T. liicmalis. 



"Chimney Swallow" is an old name for the "Chimney Swift" 

 (Chcetura pelagica) and is given as such by Kalm, Bartram and 

 early writers. 



"T. melodes — the wood thrush" is so called by Bartram 

 (Travels, 290) . Wilson named the " Hermit Thrush " ( T. solitaria, 

 A. O., V, 95) from its habitat and its retiring habits. 



The Cowbird was "The Cow-pen Bird" of Catesby (I, 34) 

 and likewise of Audubon, and the "Cow Bunting" of W T ilson. 

 "Meadow Lark" first appears in Wilson. Bartram calls it "The 

 great meadow lark," and Catesby "The Large Lark" (I, 33). 

 Pennant, nearer the truth, calls it the "Crescent Stare" (Arct. 

 Zool., 192). Wilson also speaks of "Old field lark" as its common 

 name in Virginia. The "Shore Lark" is so called by Pennant. 

 Catesby calls it "The Lark" (I, 32), Bartram the "Skylark," and 

 Wilson the "Horned Lark." 



Several of our American Swallows received names indicative of 

 habit or habitat — "Barn Swallow" originated as a specific title 

 with Barton (horreorum, Fragments, 1799). It was the "House 

 Swallow" of Bartram. The Bank Swallow is the "Bank Martin" 

 of Bartram. "Cliff" and "Eave" Swallow are names of Petro- 

 chelidon lunifrons according to the particular nesting site adopted 

 by this species. I have failed to find any early reference to the name 



