142 Merrill on Birch of Fort Klamatk, Oregon. [April 



June 15 contained eight and ten nearly fresh eggs. These three nests 

 were well and compacth' made of dry grasses, and placed on tussocks; 

 they were deeply cupped, with more or less down for lining, and were 

 much more neatly made than Mallards'nests. The eggs before blowing 

 are of a uniform creamy buif. Few of these Teal are seen after the first of 

 October. 



Spatula clypeata. Not uncommon during winter, but much more abun" 

 dant during the migrations. In April- mated pairs were almost as common 

 as the Mallards, and in greater numbers than I have ever found this 

 species elsewhere. A few remain to breed. 



Dafila acuta. Common in winter and until the latter part of March. 



Aix sponsa. Resident, but most common during spring and summer. 

 A flock of six frequented the head of Squaw Creek, just outside the Fort, 

 during the winter, and a fine male was shot January 29. 



Aythya americana. Qiiite rare ; but few seen or killed. The Canvas- 

 back is sometimes shot here, but I did not see any. 



Aythya marila nearctica. Abundant from autumn till spring. On June 

 15 I watched a pair of this species — although it has not been recog- 

 nized as breeding so far south, their size was certainly too great for 

 affinis — for some time in the marsh, and from their actions am confident 

 that they were breeding and had a nest or young close at hand. 



Aythya affinis. More common than the larger Scaup during the fall 

 and winter months. I do not think that it breeds. 



Aythya coUaris. Very common during winter, more so than either of 

 the Blue-bills, and arriving earlier in the autumn. A few pairs remain to 

 breed in the marsh. 



Glaucionetta clangula americana. Common from the middle of October 

 until April. Some remain in Wood and Williamson's Rivers, but the 

 majority prefer the lake, which twice during the winter was covered with 

 ice. They were then found in great numbers on all the streams, but most 

 of them returned to the lake as soon as it opened. 



Glaucionetta islandica. Occurring at the same time and places as the 

 common Golden-eye, but much less abundant. I saw none during the 

 summer on any of the mountain streams, where I looked carefully for this 

 species and for the Harlequin Duck. 



Charitonetta albeola. One of the commonest Ducks during winter, and 

 found everywhere. 



Erismatura rubida. A not abundant winter visitor; apparently does 

 not breed. 



Chen hyperborea. During the autumn of 1S86 and spring of 1SS7 most 

 of the Snow Geese migrated east of the valley in which the Fort is situated. 

 A few were seen, but they were decidedly rare in comparison with the 

 White-fronted and Canada Geese. 



Anser albifrons gambeli. Very common in April, the main flight occur- 

 ring between the 20th and 30th, and many flocks stopping to feed in the 

 grassy meadows bordering the marsh. The upper part of the valley is 

 enclosed on the west and north by the main divide of the Cascade Moun- 



