K2 LOOMIS 0>i Birds of Chester County, South Cayoliua. [);uui;irv 



Kansas appears to be its western limit. In the east it extends, 

 numerously, to Ohio and the South Atlantic States. The trend 

 of the comparatively limited breadth of territory outlined indi- 

 cates that this sj)ecies migrates from its breeding grounds, in the 

 northwest, in a southeasterly direction. The range of Animo- 

 dranius leconteii and Calcarius pictus furnishes in a measure a 

 parallel example. Both breed in the interior to the northwest- 

 ward, the latter north to the Arctic coast, and both migrate south- 

 ward and eastward in fall and winter to Illinois and South 

 Carolina, but, in following the Great Plains to Texas, they bear 

 further to the west than Dendroica palniai-uin does. The gen- 

 eral tendency, however, of the movement as a whole is south- 

 easterly. ScolecopJiagus cyanocepJialus and Seiurtis novebora- 

 ceiisis notabllls differ from the others in their occurrence along 

 the Pacific coast and in the southerly extension of their breeding 

 range. In the east cyatiocephalus is known only as an occa- 

 sional winter visitant, while notabilis is a regular migrant there. 

 From the foregoing it is seen that the movement, in its entirety, 

 of these birds from the interior to the South Atlantic States is a 

 southeasterly movement. Their scarcity or absence at the North 

 on the Atlantic slope evinces that the highlands are crossed in 

 the immediate region. 



The presence of Dendroica kirtlaudi near Washington in 

 autumn (Auk, Vol. V, April, iS88, p. 14S) is explained by tiiis 

 southeasterly movement. It seems also that the inunerous isolated 

 autumnal instances of trans-Appalachian birds in the North 

 Atlantic States should not be regarded as mere accidents, but 

 rather as fvu'ther manifestations of this movement — the outskirts 

 of the great wave that sets aci'oss the continent after the breeding 

 season in a soutlieasterly direction. 



It is not intended to convey the idea that all migration over 

 the mountains is strictly southeasterly. Species occurring east 

 of the eighty-eighth meridian might follow a direct line south, 

 particularly where the breeding range touches the mountains. 

 Such movements might be expected of Otocoris alpestris prati- 

 cola^ ^uiscahis quiscula ceneus^ Chotidcstcs gravi77iaciis^ Den- 

 droica ccerulea^ Dendroica dominica albilora, Dendroica 

 palmar um. 



The extension eastward to New York and New England of 

 the breeding habitat of ^uiscalus quiscula ceneus and Otocoris 



