2QO DwKJiii' o>/ yit/ico carol/iiciisis. \ July 



S.W., light and warm. Shot a full pliimaged male Wood Duck from a 

 flock of Surf Scoters, only one seen. 



1S90, April 17. A flight, mostly White-wings, going east; wind S. W.. 

 light in the morning, and fresh in the afternoon. 



1S90, April 21. Many Scoters flying high, wind W. early, and S. W. 

 light at 7 A.M. Birds going east. 



Some years no large flight takes place in the spring, the birds 

 passing nearly all the time in small numbers, owing probably 

 to peculiarities of the weather; but such years are very un 

 usual. 



yUNCO CAROLINENSIS SHOWN TO BE A SUB- 

 SPECIES. 



BY JONATHAN DWIGIIT, JK. 



When Mr. William Brewster in 1SS6 described a new Junco 

 from the mountains of western North Carolina he considered it a 

 subspecies of y. hyemalis and called it yimco hyetnaHs caroli- 

 nensis (Auk, 11, 1SS6, p. 24S). 



In the Supplement to the A. O. U. Check-List for 18S9, this 

 bird was accorded full specific rank. The reason for this never 

 appeared ; presumably it was on the ground that until two forms are 

 provetl to intcrgrade the\ aie to be considered distinct species ; and 

 further, because no birds had been taken in the region intervening 

 between the Catskill Mountains and North Carolina. 



During the latter part of June, 1S90, I visited the mountains ol 

 Pennsylvania expressly with a view to determining w^hat sort ot 

 Juncos, if any, were found there, and, as I expected, obtained a 

 series that clearly shows caroliiiensis to be only one end of a 

 series that, beginning with typical y . Jiyciualis to the north, 

 and extending southward along the Appalachian Mountain 

 System, reaches its maximum diflerentiation at the southern end 

 of these mountains. 



I have compared my birds with breeding specimens from 

 Nova Scotia and Qtiebec on the one hand, and from North Caro- 

 lina and Tennessee on the other. On an average they most re- 



