1916] 



Williams — The Pupa of Boreiis Brumalis Fitch 



37 



head, or rostrum. In general, their life-history is imperfectly 

 known, but the larvae are said to be terrestrial and carnivorous. 



On October 4, 1915, 1 had the good fortune to unearth a number 

 of Borens pupae at Andover, Mass., some fifteen miles north of 

 Boston. Others were found in this locality up to October 22, and 

 in two separate localities at Melrose Highlands, the first pupa 

 being taken October 6 and the last on November 23. All were 

 found in neat and rather elongate earthen cells in or just beneath 

 the fine root-work of green moss 

 which was growing at the base of 

 trees, chiefly oaks. At the base 

 of one tree I soon found over a 

 dozen. The pupal cells were ver- 

 tical or inclined and extended to 

 within one half of an inch or so 

 of the surface of the soil. No 

 pupae could be found under moss 

 other than that which grew at the 

 base of trees. 



The pupa is of the same general 

 shape and size (3.2-3.75 mm.) as 

 the adult. The appendages are 

 free. The mandibles are rather 

 large and 4- dentate and vary 

 somewhat in my three specimens 

 (1 cf and 2 9). The male has two 

 pairs of long, narrow wingcases 

 and the female a single short pair. 

 The male genitalia are terminal 

 and somewhat reflexed and in well 

 advanced pupae exhibit a stout up- 

 turned pair of chitinous clasping 

 organs which are strongly toothed 

 on their concave border. In the 



female the abdomen terminates in a more or less conical point, which 

 encloses the inner portion of the ovipositor, while the outer blades 

 of the ovipositor are ensheathed in a pair of ventrally appressed 

 appendages that arise from the eighth abdominal segment and do 

 not quite extend to the end of the body. The coxae are long and 



Fig. 1. Boreus brumalis, pupa. 



