38 Psyche [April 



stout and probably assist the adult in leaping. There are a few 

 rather long bristles, as shown in the figure, and a short transverse 

 row of little thorns on either side of the mid-dorsal line on abdomi- 

 nal segments 2-5. Under good magnification the surface of the 

 body is finely pointed-granulate. The pupa is at first whitish; 

 but even in the first specimens secured the eyes and mandibles 

 had become quite dark. In well matured examples the body was 

 brownish or greenish yellow and the longer appendages, at first 

 rather closely appressed to the body, showed a tendency to move 

 out of position. 



The pupa is easily disturbed and is then decidedly active. The 

 head is moved up and down in a vigorous manner, the mandibles 

 open and shut and the abdomen is twisted around. These move- 

 ments parallel rather closely those made by the pupa of the Erio- 

 cranid moths (Jugatse) in working their way to the surface of the 

 soil, and it is possible that the movements of the Boreiis pupa serve 

 the same purpose. Busck and Boving ^ say the following concern- 

 ing this Eriocranid pupa, p. 155-6: "While all the other appen- 

 dages are loose, not glued together as is normal in a Lepidopterous 

 pupa, it is mainly the head and the mandibles and abdominal 

 segments, which are movable and utilized in locomotion, when 

 the pupa digs up through the earth." In Boreus the pupal 

 mandibles are about as long as two thirds the distance from their 

 base to the lower portion of the eyes, 4-dentate and several times 

 the size of the small 2-dentate mandibles of the adult insect. 



Unfortunately almost all my pupae were destroyed by a fungus, 

 so that I was unable to rear more than a single hrumalis. Towards 

 the end of November, the pupae had become very scarce, though 

 what I took to be deserted open pupal chambers were not un- 

 common locally. With diligent search, however, I managed to 

 find a single, well advanced pupa on November 22, and this, 

 seven or eight hours later, disclosed a fully or nearly fully pig- 

 mented and active male hrumalis. This insect lived for fifteen 

 days confined in a jelly tumbler half-filled with damp moss. It 

 always kept to the higher places and walked about in leisurely 

 fashion, its metallic blackish head glistening in the light. It 

 contrived to escape once, when it traveled by well-directed six- 

 inch hops. 



' On Mnemonica auricyanae Walahingham, Proc Ent. Soc, Wash., XVI, pp. 151-162, pi. 

 IX-XVI, 1914. 



