TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



I. Introduction 



Scope of the Work 



Itinerary 



Acknowledgments 



II. The Hussian Seal Islands 



1. The Commander Islands 



Hydrographic Notes 



Meteorology 



Fauna and Flora of the Commander Islands . . . 



Native Pojtulation 



a. Bering Island 



General Description 



Seal Kookeries 



North Rookery 



South Rookery 



h. Copper Island 



General Description 



Seal Rookeries 



Karabelnl 



Glinka 



2. Robhen Island 



Description 



History 



3. Other Islands 



III. Seal Life ou Commander Islands 



Historical and General 



Latitude in the Phenomena of Seal Life 



Proportionate Number of Sexes and Ages on Rook- 

 eries 



Virility of Bulls 



Do all Bachelors haul out ? 



Food of Seals at the Islands, and Excrements on 

 the Rookeries 



Page. 



Page. 



III. Seal Life on Commander Islands— Continued. 



Effect of Driving 71 



Dcscriiition of a Drive on Pribylof Islands 71 



Description of Drives on Commander Islands. 72 



Does the Female Seal nur.se her own Pup only ? . . . 77 



Mortality of Pups 78 



Alleged Changes of Habits 82 



Feeding-grounds 87 



IV. The Russian Sealing Industry 88 



Historical 88 



Eighteenlh Centurj- 88 



Russian- American Company 89 



Interregnum . .* 00 



Hutchinson, Kohl, Philippeus & Co 91 



Russian Seal Skin Company 93 



Statistics ". 95 



Administration 102 



Condition of the Commander Islands Rookeries, . . 104 



Preliminary remarks 104 



Comparison between the Condition of the 



Rookeries in 1882-83 and 1895 106 



Bering Island 11)6 



Copper Island 112 



Comparative Condition of the Bering Island 



and Copper Island Rookeries, in 1895 117 



Raiding of Commander Islands Rookeries 118 



Pelagic Sealing at Commander Islands 122 



V. Conclusions 134 



Summary 134 



Cause of the Decline 134 



Future Prospects on Commander Islands 136 



Recommendations 136 



List of Maps and Illustrations 138-140 



Index 141-148 



