THE RUSSIAN FUK-SEAL ISLANDS. 51 



From Pacraiii the distance is about the same and the pass to be scaled but 

 slightly higher (780 feet), l;)iit the ascent is not quite so steep nor nearly so rough, 

 and the drive from this hauling-ground may be characterized as the least severe at 

 tills end of the island. 



The seals hauling up west of Pestshani Mys used to have the longest of all the 

 driveways on the island and one of the most severe as well. After being driven along 

 the beach for some distance they (Mitered the Pestshani Valley, where the river has cut 

 down the coast embankment, and then had to climb the first ridge on the east side. 

 If the drive was a large one — and in former days drives of 4,000 seals were not rare' — 

 it took too long a time to ascend only in one [dace, so that one portion was driven 

 over the ridge whei'c it was only about 070 feet high, while the other had to clind) at 

 'east !)(I0 leet up. On the other side of this ridge was a descent into Pagani Valley, 

 then another hill was iiscended. and liindly a. third ridge, 7S0 feet above the sea, had 

 to be climbed before the final descent into tlie (rlinka Valley took place. The length 

 of this drive was about 2A miles, and in warm weather it sometimes took two days 

 to finish it. 



This was linally found to be too great a waste of lime ami energy, and as more 

 salt-house room was re([uired it was decided to drive the seals the shortest way across 

 the island, and as there was a good anchorage and a tolerably decent beach for 

 landing boats, to build a^ new salt-house there. This is now known as the Pestshani 

 salt-house (pi. .58c). 



This change has shortened the drive from the rookeries west of Pestshani Mys 

 from 2A miles to IL In addition, there is now only one pass to climb, which my aneroid 

 showed to l)e about 740 feet above the sea. The ascent is not very steep nor is the 

 road i)articular]y rough, but the final descent to the salt house is simply a "slide." 

 On the whole, it is now the easiest of the long drives at (ilinka. This, of course, does 

 not mean that the drive is an easy one, and only a fraction of all the seals driven (in 

 1895 about one-sixth) gets the benefit from it. 



The h'tUliKj-grounds are located on the grassy slope near the beach, just north of 

 the Pestshani salt-house. The killing-grounds at the Glinka village used to be beyond 

 the houses, but are now moved to near the beach a few hundred yards north of the 

 village. In the latter there are two salt-houses close together. One of these has had 

 an addition built to it, so that it is now twice its original capacity (pis. 35, oCi). 



The ma)) of tli(^ (ilinka rookeries (pi. 1.!) is the result of a traverse plane table 

 survey made during the few intervals from August 4 to 1 1, 1805, iu which the rookeries 

 were free from fog or rain. It was very dillicult to find a level locality long enough 

 for a. suitable base line. After the map was completed, however, T measured off a line 

 1,000 feet long on the beach in front of the village and sighted it in on the ina[). 



I had with me a sketch map which I had drawn from sketches and angles obtained 

 ill 188.3. It was found fairly accurate, especially considering the fact that the fog 

 during my visit in 1883 was so perverse that I never obtained a simultaneous sight of 

 both sides of the island. 



' Iu 1887 as many us (>,0()O seals wero taken in one drive at tliis place, according to Dr. Sluuiu. 



