CALIFORNIA KUDRILID^. 43 



of tlie spcM'mathcea and anterior to them. In the clitellar somites this vascular layer 

 is especiall}' prominent. Jhe muscles of the longitudinal muscular layer in this 

 genus, as \vell as in Deitania, are arranged in groups or projecting lobes, bet^yeell 

 which pass projections of the vaseidar layer, as well as transverse muscles in certain 

 places. These lobes vary in width, and on the ventral side below the ganglion are 

 arranged fan-like (fig. 103, r. ji.), diverging from the median line. The longitudinal 

 muscles are never arranged around a central axis, as is the case in so many luin- 

 bricides, though they show a faint trace of symmetrical arrangement. The zone of 

 the transverse muscles is much thinner, five or six times narrower than the longi- 

 tudinal zone (117). 



The hypodermis is thick, with large, glandular cells of a flask-like or spindle- 

 like shape. In the clitellar somites these glands become ii'regular, chd)-like, and 

 project as fai' inside the layer of clitellar glands as the hy|)oderniis is thick, or moi'e 

 (fig. 11(3). 



77"' r/l/i-liniii is developed only doivally. The glandnlar layer is much 

 thicker laterally and dorsally, ta[)ering towards the ventral side, and ceasing entirely 

 at a line drawn outside of the male papilla and parallel with the ventral ganglion. 

 The glandular layer of the clitellnm is yei'v thin, and as compared with that of 

 Deitania, about ^ narrower. 'I'he cells of this layci' are, however, very wide and 

 long, there being generally eight or nine in the row. They are irregularly grouped 

 in twos or thi'ees, separated by narrow blood vessels, which, at rather regular inter- 

 vals, are thicker. They are supplied with blood from sinusi's situated between the 

 ti'ansverse muscles, and which connect through these branches with a. capillary net- 

 work on the hypodermis (figs. 11") and ]!(>). 



Transverse muscles (figs. 118 and 110). There are numerous sets of trans- 

 verse muscular baiuls in the clitellar somites, (juite similar to those described by 

 Benham in MoaiJiijaster Indinis. They are more numerous and prominent in the 

 somite of the oviduct than elsewhere, and form there three distinct muscular bands 

 the ventral ends of which terminate at the inner couple of seta* (fig. 110); the lateral 

 ends again terminate on the lateral side of the body wall. 



The posterior band is the smallest of the three and begins in the posterior and 

 ventral part of the somite, in line with, but slightly posterior to tbe innei' seta', stretch- 

 ing from there diagonally across the somite, ending laterally at the seta 3 (fig. 



The next band is much larger and begins in the anterior part of the somite 

 also in line with the inner seta' and stretches diagonally backwards ending posterior to 

 but in line with seta 4 (fig. 110, m 2.) The third muscular band is of the same 

 size and runs in tlie same general direction as the last, begins and ends in front of it, 

 ending in front of the fourth seta (fig. 110, m 3.) A fourth muscular band of a 

 somewhat similar character connects the posterior part of the oviduct with the body- 

 wall terminating in front of the muscular band just described as m 1, on the figure 

 (fig. 110, V! 4.) Similar muscles as the oviducal one, are common in all earthworms, 



