Fauna, Subterranece. 153 



elongatis, pennatis. Mala 'pedum maxillarium elongata, ap- 

 pendiculata. Pedes (sic dicti) thoracici graciles, longitudine 

 per paria crescentes ; unguiculis biarticulatis appendiceque in- 

 structis gemina Jlabellata. Posterior abdominis portio libera, 

 elongata. Pedes abdominales ultimi paris articulo exteriori 

 styliformi, elongato. 

 Tirav, — fjdrjQ. 



Titanethes albus. 



Oblongo-ovatus, posterius attenuatus, convexiusculus, niveus, 

 unguiculis apicem versus rufuscentibus, leevis ; caput, thorax, 

 segmentaque prioris abdominis portionis superne ad latera 

 marginemque posteriorem tuberculis adspersa minutis, rotun- 

 datis, inaequalibus. Long. 4 — 7 lin. 



We may with propriety apply the collective term Subterranean 

 Fauna to those animals, which exclusively inhabit caves, and 

 are expressly constructed for such habitations. Still there is 

 nothing in this name, which would indicate that these animals 

 have any claim to be considered as a separate group, beyond the 

 mere peculiarity of their common place of abode. I have endea- 

 voured, but in vain, after completing my examination of them, 

 to collect the impressions left on my mind by their various pecu- 

 liarities, and to estimate the extraordinary changes which take 

 place in regard to the more or less wide or narrow systematic 

 groups to which each of the forms belong, with the view of as- 

 certaining whether or not the animals might constitute some 

 higher faunal unity. While a few of them possess such an extra- 

 ordinary structure, as to stand in no comparison with those 

 animals which inhabit the light, there are others, forming only 

 more characteristic links in the groups of animals more or 

 less shy of light, of which many are found common in the 

 localities of the caves ; and some belong to genera having a 

 wide local, as well as geographical, extension. We are accord- 

 ingly prevented from considering the entire phenomenon in any 

 other light than something purely local, and the similarity which 

 is exhibited in a few forms (Anophthalmus, Adelops, Bathyscia), 

 between the Mammoth cave and the caves in Carniola, otherwise 

 than as a very plain expression of that analogy, which subsists 

 generally between the Fauna of Europe and of North America. 

 Besides, it is clear to me, that the Fauna of the caves of Carniola 

 consists of two divisions, of which the essential character is refer- 

 able on the one hand to the dark locality, and on the other to the 



