THE CODLING MOTH 



{(Jnr2x>ca2:)m. powoneJJH Linn.) 



INTRODUCTION. 



EveiT person is acquainted with "wormy apples,"" and raan}^ have 

 seen the caterpillars in the fruit, while few know the history of the 

 worm-like creature which causes the injury, or whence it comes or 

 whither it g-oes. 



If apple insects were classilied in the order of the degree and extent 

 to which they cause monetary loss, the codling moth would rank lirst, 

 since it causes more injury than all other insect enemies of this fruit 

 combined. It is the most serious drawback with which the apple grower 

 has to contend, as from one-fourth to one-half of the apple crop of the 

 United States is injured eyery j^ear. The control of this pest, how- 

 ever, is not difficult when compared with that of many other insects, 

 and hosts of apple growers are each year saying practically all of their 

 crop from its ravages. 



In the literature of the subject^ one finds that Cato makes the first 

 mention of this insect, and since that time almost every entomologist 

 has studied it and written about it. By the writings of LeBaron, 

 Walsh, Riley, Cook, Goff, Forbes, Howard, Slingerland, and many 

 others, information about its life history and remedial measures has 

 been disseminated, which have facilitated its control in the eastern 

 part of the United States. 



It was found that in the western United States the conditions were 

 different from those in the East and that the recommendations which 

 brought success in the East did not give satisfactory results in the 

 West, and the necessity arose of making a close study of the western 

 conditions. Among those who have written on the insect in the West 

 are Messrs. Wash])urn, Koebele, Card, Aldrich, Gillette-, Cordley, and 

 Cooley. 



The two principal accounts of this insect are those by Dr. L. O. 

 Howard in 1S8S and Prof. M. V. Slingerland in 189S. Both of these 

 writings give a summary of what was known of the insect at those 

 dates, with many original observations and suggestions for its control. 



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