10 



Slingerland\s bulletin is especiall}^ comprehensive, partly because of 

 the late date of its publication, and parti}' because a complete bibliog- 

 raphy and A^aluable historical notes are g-iven. The excellent observa- 

 tions and photographs ai'e important features of this publication, 

 which has been of the greatest assistance to the writer of this bulletin. 



The writer is under obligation to many for the aid given in this 

 work. Hon. Edgar Wilson, Hon. Fremont Wood, and Mr. W. F. 

 Cash rendered assistance in carrying out the practical tests; Mr. Alex. 

 McPherson, the State horticultural inspector, made observations and 

 gave aid in many ways; Mr. S. M. Blandford, of the United States 

 W^eather Bureau, at Boise, kindly furnished the temperature data used; 

 Mr. H. E. Burke, of the Department of Agriculture, assisted in the 

 work in 1902, and did much valuable and accurate vfork upon the life 

 hiistory of the insect; Prof. C. P. Gillette and Mr. D. W. Coquillett 

 kindly gave the writer access to their notes. Many fruit growers in 

 Idaho have rendered especially valuable aid in keeping records. Pro- 

 fessor Slingerland granted permission to use many of his figures, and 

 his bibliography, with his notes, is used as a foundation for that por- 

 tion of this bulletin. Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Prof. A. B. Cordley, and 

 Prof. C. V. Piper have at all times given aid, counsel, and advice, 

 and granted permission to use their unpubUshed data. 



The estimates of injuries inflicted by the codling moth given in this 

 bulletin are based principally upon observations made upon check 

 trees in spraying experiments. 



SYSTEMATIC POSITION. 



The codling moth belongs to the order Lepidoptera. or scale-bear- 

 ing insects, and has been assigned to the family Tortricidtv. The 

 description of the genus Carpocapsa Treitschke, as given by Meyrick, 

 is as follows: 



Antennae in $ simple. Palpi moderate, curved, ascending. Thorax smooth. 

 Forewings with termen slightly sinuate. Hindwings in $ with longitudinal groove 

 below cell, including a hair pencil; 3 and 4 connate or stalked, 5 nearly parallel to 

 4, 6 and 7 closely approximated toward base. A small but rather widely distributed 

 genus. * * * 



The species pomonella is distinguished from the other species by 

 having the margin of the ocellus (or black spot on the wing) of a 

 coppery metallic color. (See PI. VII.) The description oi poiiirmella 

 is given by. Meyrick a« follows: 



14-19 mm. Forewings dark fuscous, finely irrorated with whitish, with darker 

 striit; basal patch sometimes darker; a large dark coppery brown terminal patch 

 hardly reaching costa, anterior edge more l)lackish, ocellos within this edged with 

 bright coppery metallic. Hindwings fuscous, darker terminally. 



