11 



. NAMES OF THE INSECT. 

 POPUIiAK, NAMES. 



The name "codling moth" is the one most generally used by the 

 American fruit growers. The first name given to this insect was 

 " pear eater," on account of its feeding in pears. Later writers called 

 it the "apple and pear worm or moth," "fruit worm," "fruit moth," 

 and many others names. The name "apple worm" is often used, 

 especially by the English. 



Wilkes, an English author, first used the name in 1747, which name 

 was taken from a kind of apple tree. Slingerlaiid says that the word 

 "codling" is doubtless a corruption of the old English word "querd- 

 lying," which means any immature or half-grown apple. Some hor- 

 ticulturists and entomologists and others use the names "coddling" or 

 "codlin." As a result of extended research Slingerland discards these 

 names and gives the name "codling" decided preference. 



SCIENTIFIC NAMES. 



In 1758 Linn?eus gave this insect the specific name oi pomoiieJla and 

 the discription is as follows: "Alis nebulosis postice macula rubra 

 aurea." Schitfermiilier; 1776, named it "pomonana." Fabricius, 1793, 

 gave it the name ' ' pomona." By reason of the eighteen years priority 

 the name "pomonolla" stands. 



Linnfeus gave this insect the generic name of Tinea. Later it was 

 known as Pyrnlh^ TortrJx^ Semasia., and Erminea. Still later it was 

 given the name Carpocapm^ which was in use for al)Out three-quarters 

 of a century. In 1S97 Walsingham concluded that the name Carpocapsa 

 must fall and be replaced by Cydln. This view was adopted by Fernald 

 in Dyar^s list of North American Lepidoptera; but Cockerell strongly 

 doubted this conclusion. After a very exhaustive study of the sub- 

 ject Mr. Busck concludes that the old name Carpocapsa is the proper 

 name and must be restored, and his conclusions are accepted in this 

 publication. 



VARIETIES OF CODLING MOTH. 



Staudinger described a variety of the codling moth which was bred 

 from either apple or walnut in which the coppery spots in the ocellus 

 were more broken and gave it the name oi pufam Inana. 



It has evidently been thought for many 3'ears that there was a 

 variety of the codling moth in the far west. Matthew Cooke said in 

 1883: "From investigation it is probable that there are more than one 

 species of codling moth infesting the fruit of this State [California], 

 but I am not prepared to report at the present writing." 



In 1900 the writer found one buff-colored moth which, except for 

 color, was like the conunon codling moth, on the trunk of a tree at 



