31 



10 to 20 feet before the}" could tiiid an tipple. Card note.s that compara- 

 tively few eat of the leaves in the open, but from such observations 

 as we have the writer is strongly of the opinion that it is quite a gen- 

 eral habit. 



DESCRIPTION OF FULL-GROWN LARVA. 



When full grown the larvie are about three-(iuarters of an incii in 

 length, and their heads measure from 1.51 to 1.76 mm. across the 

 broadest portion. The majority are of a pinkish or flesh color, which 

 is much lighter or absent on the under side. It was thought for a 

 long time that the pink color was due to the larva having fed on some 

 particular varieties of apple; but the white and pink larvffi have often 

 been found feeding on fruit from the same tree. The head is brown 

 in color, with darker markings, while the cervical and anal shields are 

 much lighter. The spots in which the minute short hairs are situated 

 are but little darker than the body wall, but can be easily distinguished 

 with a hand lens. The mandi})les are the most noticeable feature of 

 the mouth parts. J^eneath the under lip is the spinneret, from which 

 the silken thread is drawn. The larva has eight pairs of legs. The 

 first three pairs, or true legs, are situated on the thorax, and are three 

 jointed. Later these form the legs of the adult insect. The five pairs 

 of fleshy abdominal legs, or prolegs, disappear in the pupal stage of 

 the insect. The first four pairs of legs are armed with circles of 

 hooks, Avhile the hooks on the two pairs at the end of the body are 

 arranged in a semicircle. The spiracles or breathing apertures of the 

 larva are arranged on either side on separate segments of the body. 

 (P1.V, fig. 1.) 



ENTERINU THE FRUIT. 



The usual place of entrance of the first generation is by wa}^ of the 

 calyx. The larvte either squeeze their way into the calyx between 

 the lobes or tunnel into the cavity at the base of the lobes. -A scar, 

 the stem, or a place where fruits touch is often selected as the place 

 of entrance. In 1900 the writer observed an egg shell with a larval 

 entrance hole at the edge and partly under the shell. In view of later 

 observations it is more probable that some larva crawling around 

 found this obstructioii and entered, rather than that the larva entered 

 the fruit directly from the shell. 



The second generation for the most part enter on the sides of the 

 fruit. The larva crawls rapidly about the apple, seeking a place for 

 entrance. A scar or roughness is a favorite jjlace, as the jaws slip on 

 the smooth skin. In its wanderings the larva spins a silken thread and 

 finally makes a web over the surface of the apple. With this as a 

 foothold it is able to make some impression upon the skin, which is 

 bitten out in chips and dropped into the web. Later, when it is partly 

 covered, the larva backs out of the burrow and brings pieces out with 



