3V) 



From the table we find that the miiumum total temperatui'e is 209°, 

 the maximum 1,392^, and the average 592*^. The evidence given by 

 this table is insufficient to warrant any definite conclusions. It is 

 quite evident that there are other factors which have not been taken 

 into account, of which moisture and unequal development of the larvae 

 when the cocoon is spun are probably the most important. 



EFFECT OF THE INSECT UPON THE FRUIT. 



The effect of the injury by the codling moth upon the fruit varies 

 with the variety of the fruit and the season of the year in which the 

 injury is done. The attack of the larva3 of the first generation usuall}^ 

 causes the fruit to fall. A few of the fruits of fall and winter varie- 

 ties, after having been injured, stay on the trees for the remainder of 

 the season, but the early varieties fall quite rapidh" and readily. In 

 all cases the effect of the injury is to cause the fruit to ripen prema- 

 turely. The amount of the windfall of the late varieties depends in 

 great measure upon the amount and violence of the wind. 



The effect of the injury upon the value of the fruit is variable. If 

 the inside of the fruit is eaten out, it is valueless except for use as 

 cider apples. When the injury consists of only a small defect on the 

 exterior of the fruit, it ma}' be graded as second, and is of considera- 

 ble value. Fruits often bear very small spots where the larva? have 

 pierced the skin but have failed to bore into the flesh of the apple. 

 These spots do not materially injure the apple, and many of them are 

 packed as first-class fruit. In cold storage apples which have been 

 injured b}' the codling moth are the very first to begin to rot, and are 

 consequently sources of contamination to the surrounding fruit. 



THE PUPA. 



The pupal stage of the codling moth is that stage in which the 

 organs that are peculiar characteristics of the larva are broken down 

 and worked over into the tissue of the adult. The pupa is about half 

 an inch in length, and varies in color from yellow to brown, depend- 

 ing upon age, and when the moth is about to emerge it has a distinct 

 bronze color. The head, eyes, mouth parts, antennw, legs, and wings 

 of the moth are apparent in sheaths which are immovabl}^ attached to 

 the body. The abdominal segments, which are movable, are each 

 armed with two rows of spines, except the terminal segments, which 

 bear only one each. These spines point backward, and play an impor- 

 tant part in the economy of the insect. The last abdominal segment 

 has a number of long spines with hooks at the end. These hooks are 

 fastened in the silk and aid the pupa in holding its place in the cocoon. 



EMERGENCE OF THE MOTH. 



After the pupa has thrust itself out of the cocoon, the pupal skin 

 splits down the back, and the moth forces its way out ])y splitting 



