50 



by Professor Gillette and that the egj^" stage averag^es about 11 days; 

 from the hatching of laryte to leaving- the fruit, 20 days; from enter- 

 ing the bands to emergence of moth, 22 days; from emergence of moth 

 to middle of egg laying (estimated), 5 days; making a total of SS days, 

 or about 8 weeks. By adding together the shortest times and the 

 longest times, respective!}', we find the mininumi length of the life 

 cycle to be 36 days and the maxinuun 100 daj^s. This period of 55 to 

 68 days having been obtained by these two widely ditierent ui(>thods, 

 they are probably not far from the correct average length of the life 

 cycle of the codling moth. 



SEASONAL HISTORY. 



By following the development of the codling moth througli th(> sea- 

 son as carefully as possible, we are enabled to throw more light upon 

 the question of the numl)er of generations. Thosc^ larvse wliich have 

 escaped their enemies during the winter, if left in thv field, change to 



Fig. 12. — Band rucurd ruadu by Prof, i;. A. Popeuoe, Manhattan, Kans., in ls90. 



puptE, according to Slingerland, just prior to the time when the apple 

 trees are in bloom. He found the tirst pupte April 27, and hy the Tth 

 of Ma}" about one-fourth had pupated. In 1902 the writer found the 

 largest number of pupte aljout the time the apples were in bloom. 

 Some were found in rotten wood as late as June 10, The location of 

 the larva has the greatest influence upon the period of pupation, those 

 in warmer places pupating more quickly than those in colder situations. 



EMERGENCE OF THE MOTH. 



From the records of various writers, as compiled by Gillette, we 

 find that the iirst moths appeared from April 21: in New Mexico to 

 a))out May 10 at Corvallis, Oreg. Mr. McPherson records that in 1901 

 he found a luoth in the field in Idaho as early as April 23, and that 

 the moths were most numerous about May 1. Mr. Hitt in breeding 

 50 moths found that the first emerged May 5 and the last May 28. In 

 1902 the writer found that the majority of the moths emerged between 



