62 



iiiand the highest prices. It is a well-known fact that in the arid 

 regions of the Pacific Northwest the Jonathan, Grimes Golden, Rome 

 Beaut}', Ben Davis, Winesap, and a few others are the best adapted 

 to a commercial orchard; while in the humid sections of the same 

 region the Newtown Pippin, Spitzenberg. and a few others have proven 

 most successful. It might be well to note here, as has been stated 

 before, that the Pewaukee and Ortley apples are alwa^'s found worst 

 infested with the codling moth, while the Lawyer and Winesap are 

 least infested. 



After it has been decided which varieties to i^lant, the next question 

 is that of buying the stock. Good stock should always be insisted 

 upon, and one can be sure of securing the desired varieties only 

 by buying from well-established, conscientious nurserymen. It is 

 preferable in the arid region of the Northwest to plant 1-year-old 

 stock. The land usually has some vegetation upon it, such as sage 

 brush or timber, and after clearing it the soil should be thoroughly 

 pulverized. If irrigation is intended, the ground should be leveled 

 and graded to facilitate irrigation. The courses of the irrigation 

 ditches should be determined by the general contour of the land, tak- 

 ing into consideration the future routes of the spraying machine, which 

 will draw upon these ditches for water for spraj'ing. 



SETTING THE TREES. 



There are many methods which may be used for setting |:hc trees, 

 the details depending on the size of the orchard and the means at hand. 

 The essential feature of the operation is to make the holes large 

 enough to receive the roots of the tree, so that the}'^ can still retain 

 their natural position. After filling and packing earth into the holes, 

 water should be allowed to run in, to aid in giving the trees a good 

 start. 



It has been found that it is a ver}' injurious practice to place any 

 manure in the holes when the tree is planted. If nianure is to be 

 applied in the new orchard, the best method is to scatter it over the 

 surface of the ground. 



Care should be taken to cause the trees to lean toward the south- 

 west, from which the hottest vsty^ of the sun come. By doing so, sun 

 scald will in a great measure be avoided. After sun scald the bark 

 breaks, and the wood is exposed and becomes cracked and decayed. 

 It has often been found that trees thus affected always bear a larger 

 percentage of wormy apples than trees on which the bark is unbroken. 

 This is accounted for by the fact that the codling moth larva3 go 

 into the cracks to spin their cocoons and are there secure from their 

 enemies. 



It is a common sight in all sections of the country to see trees 

 planted from 16 to 18 feet apart, with the upper branches intermin- 



