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Paris green not only rid the orchard of cankerwornis, l)ut that the 

 aj)ples on the spra3^ed part were iniu-h less affected \yy the codling 

 moth. It seems that other people used Paris green for cankerwornis 

 in Iowa, but there are no indications that they were alive to the fact 

 that at the same time the}- were checking tiie codling moth. Prof. 

 A. J. Cook, of Michigan, took up the idem and by a series of careful 

 exp(>riments clearly showed that the ti'(>atment was very efl'ective 

 against the codling moth. Forbes, (Joff, and numerous others have 

 at various times carried on spraying experiments with arsenicals, with 

 results that s1k)W this to be the most eti'ective and ch(>apest remedial 

 measure that can be used. , 



KI'RAYINO. 



Spraying witli arsenicals may \n\ delined as putting a coat ol" any 

 arsenical poison on the foliage and fruit of a tree, so that when the 

 insects eat the foliage or enter the apples they eat som(>. of tiiis poison 

 in their lirst few meals and ai"e killed. Sinci^ the beginning of tiu^. 

 practice of spraying there have been many important im])rovem(>nts 

 in both spraying machinery and si)raying solutions, which hav(^ ren- 

 dered the ])r()cess much easier than when primitive methods were in 

 vogue. 



HI'UAYINd MACIUNEKY. 



There are as many kinds of spraying machinery as there are condi- 

 tions to be met in spi'ayitig operations. Therc^ are certain si)raying 

 outfits devised especially for orchard work, varying from ihv conunon 

 bucket pump to rather complicated machinery driven by gasoline 

 engines. For a small honu^ orchard or for an orchard of a thousand 

 trees or less the writer would ad\'ise the use of a hand-power outfit. 

 The capacity and cost will depend primarily upon the size of the 

 OT'chard, the size of the trees, and the rapidity with which it is desired 

 to spray the orchard. Thei'e are many excellent types of si)ray pumps 

 on the market, and no mistake can be made in selecting any of the 

 outfits of the l)(^tter niamifactur(>rs, but there are several points which 

 should he insisted upon. The interior fittings of the puiu}) should be 

 of brass and should l)e arranged so that the inside of the cylinder can 

 be easily reached in order that n^pairs may }h\ made. The air cham- 

 ber, which insures a steadier stream and acts as a reservoir of force, 

 is almost a necessity. A pressure gauge upon this air chamber will 

 be of great value, as it will aid the man who does t\\o ])umpingt<) keep 

 the pressure at about tlxi same point. The ])um}) may be mounted 

 upon a barrel, which may be stood on end oi- put on the side, or it 

 may be mounted on a ta?dc or upon the wagon fi'ame on which the 

 tank is mounted. These tanks are preferably of wood, and should be 

 of ver^^ strong construction and securely bolted togc^thei' with iron 

 rods. Screens should be used to strain out particles which would clog 



