74 



the nozzles, jukI should l)o used l)oth as the water is put into the tank 

 and as it is pumped out. It is hig-ldy essential that some meehanieal 

 deviee be used to keep the liquid in agitation so that the coarser par- 

 ticles will not settle to the bottom of the tank and render the mixture 

 of varia))k^ strength, especially if Paris green is used. The hose may 

 be any of the types in use, and a hose extension of some light tube, 

 covered preferably with bamboo, should be used in order that the tops 

 of the tall trees may be easily reached. A stopcock at the junction of 

 the hose and extension can be used to great advantage. 



The nozzles most used in spraying orchards are of two tj'^pcs — those 

 which throw a fun-shaped spray, which are used for long-range work, 

 and those which throw a cone-shaped spray, wliich are used for close 

 work. Several of these nozzles may be placed on one baml)oo exten- 

 sion, and thus the amount of liquid thrown increased. Four lines of 

 hose may run from one pump, ])ut it is found that so large a numl)er 

 causes confusion and that more work can l)e done with two lines of 

 hose. The usual number of nozzles upon each extension or line of 

 hose is two. The nozzles can he set at an angle to the axis of exten- 

 sion, and then by turning- the extension the stream can l)e variably 

 directed. If the spra3^ing' outtit is small, consisting- of a barrel with a 

 pump, it can easily be hauled through the orchard on a sled; Imt if the 

 outfit is larger it is usually drawn upon an ordinary wagon. Details 

 of the mounting on the wagon and the position of the pump and tanks 

 will depend a great deal upon the facilities which the g-rower has at 

 hand. Many have the tanks and pumps mounted upon a frame, which 

 they can put upon the wag-ons and remove when the spraying is com- 

 pleted. If it is d(»sired to spray very tall trees, it has been found that 

 spraying- can ])e done more rapidly and thoroughly if there are high 

 platforms built upon the wagons upon which the operators can stand 

 (fig. IT). The capacity of these hand-power spraying outfits depinids 

 upon man}" factors, such as the number of men employed, size of 

 pump, number of nozzles, capacity of tank, distance from water sup- 

 ply, and size of trees. It has been found that three men, using a 200- 

 gallon tank and two lines of hose, each fitted with two nozzles, can 

 spray al)Out 250 average-sized trees per day. These hand-power spi'ay- 

 ing outfits can be purchased and put in working- order for from $15 to 

 $75. A i)ump, if used for arsenicals alone and given good care, 

 should last for five or six ^^ears with ])ut few repairs. But if the 

 same pump is used for spraying- with the lime, sulphur, and salt com- 

 pound, and the compound allowed to corrode the pump, it will be 

 necessary to purchase a new pump oftener. (See Pis. XI and XII.) 



GASOLINE-POWER SPRAYING OUTFITS. 



If an orchard consists of more than a thousand trees, it will be found 

 expedient to use a gasoline-power spraying outfit. If the orchard 



