85 



Hand-power outfit: 



Man and team 4 days, at $3.50 $14. 00 



Two men 4 days, at $1.50 each 12. 00 



Materials 1.12 



Total 27. 12 



Gasoline-power outfit: 



Man and team 1 J days, at $3.50 5. 25 



One man IJ days, at $1.50 2. 25 



Materials 1.12 



Gasoline, I5 gallons 55 



Total 9. 17 



The above estimates are taken from actual conditions in the fiekl, and 

 tlie prices of material and labor are based upon current rates in the 

 far West, where they are considerably less tlian in the East. It is 

 assumed that the men and teams were employed at the local rates; 

 but as men and teams are already employed upon fruit farms, the 

 actual expense of these spraying operations is much smaller. Accord- 

 ing to these estimates one spraying would cost 2. 7 cents per tree if a 

 hand -power outfit is used, or 0.9 cents per tree if a gasoline-power 

 outfit is used. The additionjd cost to the fruit grower would be nuich 

 less than this, and in some cases would probabl,y not amount to more 

 than 1 cent per tree with the hand-power outfit, or one-half cent per 

 tree with the gasoline outfit. • 



TIME AND FREQUENCY OF APPLICATION OF SPRAT. 



The time of application of the spray is one of the most important con- 

 siderations in the work. It has been found that in many sections of 

 the country fruit growers have sprayed without any definite knowledge 

 as to when the spray would l^e effective, and man}^ times it was not at 

 all so, the effectiveness that it had depending more upon chance than 

 anything else. Other growers follow the empirical rule of spra^dng 

 once ever}^ two weeks after the blossoms have fallen. If this rule is 

 followed no doubt many of the sprayings during the season have little 

 or no effect upon the codling moth. It can be readily seen that to be 

 effective the poi.son nmst be placed upon the trees so that when the 

 larvae are hatching the}" will get some of the poison; ])ut if they are 

 already inside the apples or in their cocoons they suffer very little from 

 the spraying. Hence we find that where there are but two genera- 

 tions of the insect there are only two periods in the season when a 

 large proportion can be affected by the poison, and these are the proper 

 times for spraying. The work done at these two periods may be 

 termed the early and the late s':)rayings, the early spraying being 

 directed again,st the first generation of the codling moth. 



T^wo sprayings at the early period are advised, one a few days after 

 the blossoms have fallen and before the calyx closes, and the other 



