95 



The large amount of free fallen apples on trees No. 1 and No. 2 are 

 due to the apples picked otf in the process of thinning-. The average 

 total per cent infested throughout the season for these trees was 13. 



The greatest difficulty was met with in obtaining any reliable esti- 

 mate upon the general results from the orchard, for the reason that 

 the larger percentage of the seconds and culls were graded as such 

 because they were small or uncolored. The Ben Davis section pro- 

 duced 1,944 boxes of strictly first-class fruit, and the writer estimates 

 that this was only about one-third of the total produced. In one sec- 

 tion of the orchard there were trees in which the loss was fully 25 per 

 cent at harvesting time, but there were many others in which the loss 

 was not over 5 per cent. The writer estimates that at picking time 

 about 10 per cent of the fruit in this section of the orchard was 

 infested. In the Jonathan section 2,030 boxes of first-class fruit were 

 packed, and the culls were estimated at 146 ])Oxes. By numerous 

 counts it was found that onl}^ about half of these were infested, 

 which gives a total of 73 boxes of infested fruit. As a general result, 

 about 3 per cent of the apples were found infested, and the total per- 

 centage for this section of the orchard was probably about 5. It was 

 found that the tree nearest to the packing house was about 50 per cent 

 wormy, but the percentage diminished rapidl}^ toward the center ot 

 the block. A few trees w^hich could not be well sprayed on account 

 of their situation with regard to irrigating ditches were more wormy 

 than others. In the Rome Beauty section, in which there was a small 

 crop the year previous, a total of 3,017 boxes of first-class fruit was 

 packed, and it was estimated that one-fourth, or 109 boxes, of the culls 

 and seconds were infested, or about 3 per cent of the whole crop. 

 The Pewaukee apples were practicall}^ 100 per cent infested at the end 

 of the season. The apples were counted on an unspraj^ed Domine tree 

 September 4, and 81 per cent were found infested. From experiences 

 in other orchards with this insect, the writer believes that, had it not 

 been for spraying, the fruit in this orchard would have averaged from 

 80 to 90 per Jent infested. (See Pis. XIII, XIV, XV.) 



In Mr. Cash's orchard, which is separated from the Wilson orchard 

 only by a road, it was found that the Jonathans were 25 per cent 

 infested, only two sprayings having been made. 



The orchard of Mr. Fremont Wood, which is a type of the best of 

 the smaller commercial orchards, was kept under observation through- 

 out the season. This orchard consists of about 1,000 trees, the larger 

 per cent of which are Jonathan. These trees were set out about 1895. 

 In 1901 the crop was small and was almost totally destroyed by the 

 codling moth. In 1902 a hand-power spraying outfit was used (PI. 

 XII, fig. 3), which was supplemented by banding. The sprayings 

 were made about the same time as in the Wilson orchard, except that 

 the last spraying was after the rain, about the middle of August, and 



