96 



it wa.s pro])iibl3' more efficient on tliut account. After the first genera- 

 tion of the larvjB had entered the fruit, it was found that there were 

 not over 3 to 5 wormy apples per tree. Harvesting was begun in 

 October, and at that time it was found that in the Jonathan section, 

 which consisted of about 900 trees, there were 4,700 boxes of first-chiss 

 fruit packed. Of culls and windfalls there were about 900 boxes, of 

 which, from numerous counts, it was estimated that al)out one-half, or 

 9 per cent of the entire crop, were infested. 



Mr. McPherson's and Mr. Geckler's orchards are types of old com- 

 mercial orchards in which the trees are large and the infestation l)ad. 

 It was onl}' with difficulty that remedial measures could l)e applied 

 efficient!}", as preventive measures had been neglected. In both 

 instances, on account of the height of the trees and their closeness, 

 the sprays could not be well applied. Mr. Geckler estimated his loss 

 as high as 50 per cent, while Mr. McPherson lost as high as 30 per 

 cent on the same varieties. In both of these orchards there is a con- 

 stant supply of insects from other orchards, and their control requires 

 radical application of preventive and remedial measures. 



Mr. J. A. Fenton estimates that his crop was onl}^ about 15 per cent 

 injured in 1902, he having used bands and spraying. Mr. I. L. Tiner, 

 who has a small orchard in the city of Boise, estimated that he saves 

 about 80 per cent of his fruit each year. Mr. Gus Goeldner, near 

 Boise, estimates that he saves 90 to 95 per cent of his fruit each year. 

 In many sections of the West estimates have been made by fruit grow- 

 ers in which thev .say they save from 85 to 98 per cent of their fruit. 

 Sometimes these estimates are obtained from countings, but more 

 often they can not be relied upon, the fallen fruit not having been 

 taken into consideration. 



The results of practical tests in these orchards show that with 

 four or tivo thorough sprayings, preferably by a gasoline-power out- 

 lit, from a1)out 85 to 95 per cent of the fruit can be saved from 

 the codling moth. By a series of applications of these measures even 

 this margin of loss may be reduced; but the saving of 90 per cent of 

 the fruit under present conditions mav be considered a solution of the 

 problem. 



RESUME AND CONCLUSION. 



The codling moth, which is now a cosmopolitan insect, was intro- 

 duced into the Pacitic northwest about 1880. On account of the warm 

 climate two overlapping generations are produced, and if proper meas- 

 ures of control are neglected the insect, under normal conditions, will 

 infest practically the entire apple crop of many localities. 



The preventive measures are fully as important in controlling this 

 insect as the remedial measures. 



