66 



damaged, but I have during' the past 3^ear seen it completely recover. 

 This no doubt was due to the abnormally wet summer we have had. 



The winter is passed in the eg^ stage, chietl}^ on the young shoots, 

 and thus it may be transported from one country to another ver}" 

 easily. 



LIFE HISTORY. 



The adult insects are about one-eighth of an inch in length and 

 at first are pale apple green in color, but as the autumn advances 

 they become varied in color, some reddish, some still green, others 

 mottled with yellow, and others pale green with red or brown mark- 

 ings; the wings are veined in the typical way and are transparent, and 

 sometimes they are iridescent, the veins being pale \'ellow or green. 

 The adults occur from July until even No^'ember and live on the leaf- 

 age of the apple, where they frecpiently occur in little colonies, but 

 they soon disperse if the tree is jarred, and move with that character- 

 istic jump and tlight common to this group. I have never noticed the 

 adults doing any damage to the leaves, but Miss Ormerod states that 

 "they may be found in parties of live or six on a leaf, especiall}^ on a 

 yellowing leaf," which looks as if they may do some harm to the foli- 

 age. Egg la3dng commences soon after pairing and may go on until 

 as late as the end of November, but such is unusual. The females 

 mainly deposit their eggs among the fine hairs of the young shoots, 

 but they may be observed in cracks and crevices of })ark. Generall}^ 

 several are laid together and then usually in rows, end to end. The 

 eggs are roughly spindle shaped and white in color, and apparently 

 have one end slightly prolonged, but not as in the i)ear ps^dla. As 

 many as 20 or 30 ma}' frequently be counted on a shoot. They 

 remain in this condition all the winter, and I have found man}" are 

 killed by an application of caustic alkali wash, and this pro]:)ably fur- 

 nishes a reason wh}' the pest has not been so harmful where the 

 orchards were usually sprayed with this wash," and occurred in num- 

 bers again when this useful orchard treatment was given up. 



As soon as the apple buds conmience to swell in the spring, the 

 larvffi come from the eggs and soon work their way into the buds. If 

 the buds develop rapidly the leaf and blossom come out and are only 

 stunted; but if the nights are cold, and growth is retarded, they may 

 be killed entirely. During the past year the larvse were noticed in. 

 the opening buds early in Ma}^ and they were all in the pupal stage 

 in the second week in June. The larvae at first are dirty yellow, with 

 brown and dark spots upon them, the tarsi brown and the eyes red; 

 in general form they are flat. After the first moult the larva protrudes 

 a small white opaque globule, which remains attached by a white or 

 pale blue thread. Soon after the second moult the larva becomes pale 



«■ Second Report EconomiQ Zoology, p. 50 — F. V. T. 



