( Hi ) 



and Buckton alike. I regret that Mr. Buckton has adopted 

 M. Liechtenstein's names at all, even though he has been careful 

 to explain that where he has used the words "emigrant" and 

 "pupifer" he has done so simply for the purpose of distinguishing 

 the first alate brood, which wanders from one tree to another of 

 the same kind, from the second alate brood, which generally 

 produces the true sexes. Of the sexuate forms, the females 

 seem always to be apterous, whilst the males occur with or 

 without wings, even in the same species. 



Amongst the tribe Chermesince, Mr. Buckton retains Phyl- 

 loxera* a genus founded by Boyer de Fonscolombe for the 

 reception of Aphis quercus, a species indigenous to Britain, and 

 now notorious by reason of the devastation committed by the 

 vine-pest P. vastatrix, which is included in the monograph as 

 having become naturalised in this country. MM. Lichtenstein 

 and Targioni-Tozzetti, however, propose to sever this group, 

 not only from the Chermesince, but from the Aphididce altogether ; 

 and it seems probable that future systematists will give the 

 Phylloxeridce familiar rank. They are distinguished from all 

 Aphides by their three-jointed antennae ; and not the least re- 

 markable of their peculiarities in the existence of aerial and sub- 

 terranean habits (the gallicola and radicicola of Riley) combined 

 in the same individual. 



According to M. Lichtenstein, who has supplied Mr. Buckton 

 with an interesting " Summary on the genus Phylloxera," the 

 cycle of life in P. vastatrix is as follows : — 



There is but one generation in the year, thus — 



1. The egg, deposited under the bark of the vine, in the 



autumn. 



2. The pseudogyna fundatrix, forming galls on the leaves, in 



May and June.f 



* The popular pronunciation Phylloxera is wrong : of course it should 

 be Phylloxera, the penultimate being long. 



f This gall-making form is the Peritymbia of Westwood, though Mr. 

 Buckton (Monog. Aphid, iv. 54) states that Prof. Westwood was only 

 acquainted with the root-living state ; a mistake which is corrected by 

 M. Lichtenstein (ib. 69). Prof. Westwood's communication to the Ashmolean 

 Society of Oxford, which was accompanied by highly magnified drawings of 

 the leaf-insect, was never published by that Society ; but the substance of it 

 will be found in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' for 1869 : see pp. 109, 689. 



