﻿and 
  types 
  of 
  certain 
  genera 
  of 
  Hymenojptera. 
  69 
  

  

  which 
  has 
  been 
  earliest 
  used 
  as 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  a 
  plural 
  name, 
  

   that 
  is 
  for 
  a 
  name 
  of 
  a 
  group 
  higher 
  than 
  genus. 
  (3) 
  To 
  

   use 
  as 
  genotype 
  the 
  oldest 
  contained 
  genus 
  within 
  the 
  family 
  

   as 
  hmited 
  by 
  the 
  author.* 
  The 
  author 
  cannot 
  too 
  vigor- 
  

   ously 
  express 
  his 
  dissension 
  from 
  the 
  school 
  that 
  adheres 
  

   to 
  the 
  third 
  practice, 
  the 
  acceptance 
  of 
  which 
  will 
  result 
  

   in 
  a 
  perpetual 
  overturning 
  of 
  family 
  names, 
  with 
  each 
  

   varying 
  concept 
  of 
  family 
  limits. 
  The 
  second 
  course 
  is 
  

   advisable 
  if 
  the 
  group 
  "in 
  question 
  is 
  left 
  without 
  a 
  type 
  

   genus. 
  But 
  if 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  type 
  genus 
  changes 
  with- 
  

   out 
  the 
  genus 
  itself 
  going 
  outside 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  group 
  

   with 
  which 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  previously 
  associated, 
  it 
  would 
  

   seem 
  the 
  fairest 
  interpretation 
  of 
  the 
  code 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  

   change 
  in 
  family 
  name 
  correspond, 
  in 
  other 
  words 
  to 
  change 
  

   not 
  the 
  type 
  genus, 
  but 
  its 
  name 
  only. 
  The 
  genus 
  name 
  

   Crabro 
  Fabr. 
  nee 
  Geoffroy 
  changing 
  to 
  Thyreopits, 
  Thyreopus 
  

   remains 
  as 
  much 
  type 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  as 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  called 
  

   Crabro.'^ 
  

  

  Family 
  Thyreopidae 
  = 
  [Crabronidae 
  auctores]. 
  

  

  (Crabroninae 
  ^ 
  

   Lindeniinae 
  I 
  sense 
  of 
  

   Thyreopmael 
  Ashmead. 
  

   Rhopalinae 
  J 
  

  

  Genus 
  Thyreopus. 
  Type 
  : 
  cribraria 
  = 
  Thyreopus 
  auc- 
  

  

  torum 
  = 
  [Crabro 
  Fabr.]. 
  

   „ 
  Solenius. 
  Type 
  : 
  vagus 
  = 
  [Crabro 
  auctorum] 
  

  

  united 
  with 
  Solenius 
  auctorum. 
  

   and 
  others. 
  

  

  Family 
  Crabronidae 
  = 
  [Cimbicidae 
  auctorum]. 
  

  

  Genus 
  Crabro 
  Geoffr. 
  Type 
  humeralis 
  = 
  [Cimbex 
  

   auctormn], 
  

  

  * 
  Applied 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  case 
  this 
  third 
  method 
  would 
  fix 
  upon 
  

   Rhopalum 
  as 
  type 
  genus, 
  with 
  Rhopalinae 
  and 
  Rhopalidae 
  in 
  

   consequence. 
  

  

  t 
  The 
  case 
  would 
  be 
  quite 
  different 
  if 
  Crabro 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  a 
  

   homonym, 
  but 
  had 
  been 
  wrongly 
  apphed 
  to 
  the 
  group 
  that 
  we 
  

   have 
  known 
  as 
  Crabronidae. 
  In 
  other 
  words, 
  if 
  the 
  type 
  species 
  

   of 
  Crabro 
  Fabr. 
  were 
  a 
  sawfly 
  instead 
  of 
  a 
  Sphegid. 
  In 
  that 
  case 
  

   the 
  family 
  and 
  its 
  name 
  would 
  not 
  theoretically 
  change, 
  but 
  simply 
  

   be 
  apphed 
  in 
  its 
  true 
  sense, 
  as 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  sawflies 
  and 
  its 
  formerly 
  

   incorrectly 
  associated 
  Sphegid 
  members 
  would 
  be 
  removed 
  from 
  it. 
  

   The 
  latter 
  would 
  be 
  left 
  without 
  a 
  type 
  genus. 
  

  

  