﻿102 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  C. 
  Crampton's 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Ancestry 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  Psocidae 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  with 
  the 
  insects 
  grouped 
  

   about 
  the 
  Neuroptera, 
  with 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  connected 
  by 
  

   intermediate 
  forms. 
  The 
  Isoptera, 
  Embiidae 
  and 
  Psocidae 
  

   cannot 
  therefore 
  be 
  grouped 
  together, 
  since 
  they 
  belong 
  

   to 
  three 
  divergent 
  Hues 
  of 
  descent 
  ; 
  but, 
  since 
  these 
  diver- 
  

   gent 
  hnes 
  of 
  descent 
  had 
  a 
  common 
  origin, 
  the 
  lowest 
  

   representatives 
  of 
  each 
  would 
  naturally 
  have 
  preserved 
  

   many 
  features 
  in 
  common 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  two. 
  In 
  de- 
  

   riving 
  the 
  Psocidae 
  from 
  ancestors 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Embiidae 
  

   and 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  Plecopteroid 
  superorder, 
  I 
  would 
  

   not 
  minimise 
  the 
  very 
  evident 
  affinities 
  between 
  the 
  

   Psocidae 
  and 
  Isoptera, 
  since 
  subsequent 
  investigation 
  may 
  

   prove 
  that 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  the 
  Psocidae 
  are 
  much 
  closer 
  

   to 
  the 
  Isoptera 
  than 
  they 
  are 
  to 
  the 
  Embiidae, 
  Dermaptera, 
  

   etc. 
  Provisionally, 
  however, 
  I 
  would 
  regard 
  their 
  an- 
  

   cestors 
  as 
  somewhat 
  more 
  closely 
  alhed 
  to 
  the 
  Embiidae, 
  

   Dermaptera, 
  Coleoptera, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  

   Plecopteroid 
  superorder. 
  

  

  As 
  was 
  mentioned 
  above, 
  Brauer 
  emphasised 
  the 
  re- 
  

   lationship 
  of 
  the 
  Mallophaga 
  to 
  the 
  Psocidae, 
  and 
  placed 
  

   them 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  order 
  Corrodentia 
  ; 
  but 
  he 
  was 
  doubtless 
  

   incorrect 
  in 
  including 
  the 
  Isoptera 
  in 
  this 
  order 
  also. 
  

   Packard, 
  1887 
  (Amer. 
  Phil. 
  Soc. 
  1887, 
  p. 
  264), 
  places 
  the 
  

   Mallophaga 
  in 
  the 
  order 
  " 
  Platyptera," 
  which 
  includes 
  

   the 
  Plecoptera 
  and 
  Embiidae 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  

   insects 
  mentioned 
  above 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  grouping 
  contains 
  

   too 
  many 
  discordant 
  elements. 
  Kellogg, 
  1902 
  (Psyche, 
  

   vol. 
  9, 
  p. 
  339), 
  and 
  others 
  have 
  emphasised 
  the 
  remark- 
  

   able 
  resemblance 
  between 
  the 
  Mallophaga 
  and 
  the 
  Psocidae, 
  

   and 
  there 
  can 
  be 
  but 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  Mallophaga 
  are 
  

   very 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Psocidae 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  Pedicuhdae 
  

   as 
  well, 
  so 
  that 
  there 
  can 
  be 
  no 
  serious 
  objection 
  to 
  the 
  

   view 
  that 
  the 
  Mallophaga 
  arose 
  from 
  ancestors 
  very 
  hke 
  

   the 
  Psocidae 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  diagram 
  of 
  the 
  hnes 
  of 
  descent 
  

   of 
  these 
  insects. 
  

  

  The 
  Pedicuhdae 
  (also 
  called 
  Suctoria, 
  Anopleura, 
  or 
  

   Siphunculata) 
  are 
  undoubtedly 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  

   Mallophaga, 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  pointed 
  out 
  by 
  Cummings, 
  1910 
  

   (Ann. 
  Mag. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  vol. 
  15, 
  p. 
  256), 
  Mjoberg, 
  1910 
  

   (Arkiv 
  f. 
  Zoologi), 
  and 
  many 
  others, 
  following 
  Leach, 
  

   1817. 
  Enderlein, 
  1904 
  (Zool. 
  Anz., 
  vol. 
  28, 
  p. 
  121), 
  

   emphasises 
  the 
  relationship 
  of 
  the 
  Pedicuhdae 
  to 
  both 
  

   the 
  Mallophaga 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  side 
  and 
  the 
  Hemiptera 
  on 
  the 
  

   other, 
  and 
  indeed, 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  earher 
  writers 
  placed 
  the 
  

  

  