﻿106 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  C. 
  Crampton's 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Ancestry 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  larvae. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Packard, 
  1863 
  (Boston 
  Jour. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  7, 
  

   p. 
  591), 
  in 
  his 
  paper 
  entitled 
  ' 
  On 
  Synthetic 
  Types 
  in 
  

   Insects,' 
  says 
  that 
  the 
  Coleoptera, 
  Hemiptera, 
  Orthoptera 
  

   and 
  Neuroptera 
  seem 
  bound 
  together 
  by 
  affinities 
  such 
  as 
  

   those 
  that 
  unite 
  by 
  themselves 
  the 
  bees, 
  moths 
  and 
  flies, 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  latter, 
  or 
  what 
  he 
  considers 
  the 
  higher 
  series, 
  

   he 
  has 
  since 
  apphed 
  the 
  term 
  Metabola, 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  former 
  

   Heterometabola. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Packard 
  also 
  believes 
  the 
  Hymeno- 
  

   ptera 
  are 
  descendant 
  from 
  the 
  Lepidoptera." 
  In 
  his 
  

   diagram 
  of 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  descent 
  of 
  the 
  orders 
  of 
  insects, 
  

   Ashmead 
  (I.e.) 
  derives 
  both 
  Lepidoptera 
  and 
  Hymenoptera 
  

   from 
  a 
  Trichopteroid 
  stem. 
  Schoch, 
  1884 
  (Schw. 
  Ent., 
  

   Bd. 
  7), 
  derives 
  the 
  Hymenoptera, 
  Lepidoptera, 
  and 
  

   Diptera 
  from 
  Neuroptera. 
  Paul 
  Meyer, 
  1876, 
  thinks 
  that 
  

   the 
  Hymenoptera 
  are 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Orthoptera. 
  

   Sajo, 
  i908 
  (Prometheus, 
  Bd. 
  19, 
  p. 
  705), 
  thinks 
  that 
  the 
  

   Hymenoptera 
  are 
  very 
  closely 
  alHed 
  to 
  the 
  Coleoptera, 
  

   and 
  Handlirsch 
  (Fossilen 
  Insekten) 
  is 
  apparently 
  of 
  the 
  

   same 
  opinion, 
  since 
  he 
  derives 
  both 
  Hymenoptera 
  and 
  

   Coleoptera 
  from 
  forms 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Protoblattoidea, 
  

   suggesting 
  that 
  the 
  Mantidae 
  are 
  intermediate 
  between 
  

   the 
  Protoblattoidea 
  and 
  the 
  Hymenoptera. 
  In 
  previous 
  

   papers 
  I 
  have 
  pointed 
  out 
  the 
  resemblance 
  between 
  certain 
  

   adult 
  sawflies 
  and 
  the 
  Mecoptera 
  such 
  as 
  Pmiorpodes, 
  

   Merope, 
  etc., 
  and 
  a 
  further 
  study 
  has 
  convinced 
  me 
  that 
  

   the 
  sawflies 
  are 
  quite 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Mecoptera, 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  Psocidae, 
  occupying 
  a 
  position 
  inter- 
  

   mediate 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  groups, 
  but 
  being 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  

   closely 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Mecoptera 
  than 
  to 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  

   the 
  other 
  group. 
  I 
  find 
  that 
  others 
  have 
  also 
  noted 
  the 
  

   resemblance 
  between 
  the 
  Hymenoptera 
  and 
  Mecoptera, 
  

   for 
  Ashmead, 
  1895 
  (Proc. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Wash., 
  3, 
  p. 
  331), 
  

   states 
  that 
  " 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  Mecoptera 
  also 
  approach 
  

   close 
  to 
  the 
  Hymenoptera, 
  and 
  the 
  peculiar 
  rostrate 
  head 
  

   of 
  the 
  imagoes 
  of 
  this 
  order 
  is 
  frequently 
  reproduced 
  

   among 
  the 
  parasitic 
  species 
  Agathis, 
  Cremnops, 
  etc.," 
  

   and 
  Kolbe, 
  1884 
  (Berl. 
  Ent. 
  Zeit., 
  28, 
  p. 
  169), 
  calls 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  to 
  the 
  presence 
  in 
  both 
  Hymenoptera 
  and 
  Panorpidae 
  

   of 
  " 
  primitive 
  biting 
  mouthparts, 
  similar 
  wing 
  venation, 
  

   and 
  similar 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  thoracic 
  segments 
  " 
  in 
  the 
  

   adults, 
  and 
  the 
  similar 
  caterpillar-hke 
  larvae 
  present 
  in 
  

   both 
  orders. 
  The 
  larvae 
  of 
  sawflies 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  examined 
  

   (Crampton, 
  1918, 
  Proc. 
  Ent. 
  Soc, 
  Washington, 
  20, 
  p. 
  59) 
  

   " 
  resemble 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Panorpids 
  in 
  having 
  retained 
  the 
  

  

  