﻿110 
  Dr. 
  G. 
  C. 
  Crampton's 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  Ancestry 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  further 
  distance 
  than 
  has 
  that 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  order, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Mecoptera 
  have 
  apparently 
  departed 
  but 
  little 
  from 
  the 
  

   ancestral 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  Diptera. 
  Handhrsch 
  derives 
  

   both 
  Diptera 
  and 
  Lepidoptera 
  from 
  a 
  common 
  Mecopteron 
  

   stock, 
  and 
  also 
  derives 
  the 
  Trichoptera 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  

   stem 
  which 
  he 
  traces 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  fossil 
  Megasecoptera. 
  

   Many 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  entomologists 
  grouped 
  the 
  Diptera 
  with 
  

   the 
  Strepsiptera 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  presence 
  in 
  both 
  of 
  only 
  

   two 
  wings, 
  although 
  the 
  wings 
  are 
  borne 
  on 
  different 
  seg- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  the 
  thorax 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  groups 
  of 
  insects. 
  Dana, 
  

   1864, 
  places 
  the 
  Hymenoptera, 
  Diptera 
  and 
  Siphonaptera 
  

   in 
  his 
  division 
  " 
  Apipiens 
  " 
  (of 
  his 
  " 
  Ctenoptera 
  ") 
  corre- 
  

   sponding 
  to 
  the 
  " 
  Metabola 
  " 
  of 
  Packard 
  1863-1870, 
  who 
  

   in 
  1883 
  added 
  the 
  Lepidoptera 
  to 
  the 
  group 
  and 
  called 
  

   them 
  all 
  " 
  Euglossata 
  " 
  ; 
  while 
  Schoch, 
  1884, 
  calls 
  the 
  

   Diptera, 
  Lepidoptera 
  and 
  Hymenoptera, 
  " 
  Zygothoraca." 
  

   Haeckel, 
  1866, 
  groups 
  the 
  Hemiptera 
  {sensu 
  lato), 
  Pedi- 
  

   culidae, 
  Lepidoptera, 
  and 
  Diptera 
  together 
  as 
  " 
  Sugentia," 
  

   and 
  derives 
  the 
  Diptera 
  from 
  Hemiptera, 
  while 
  Ashmead, 
  

   1895, 
  derives 
  the 
  Diptera 
  in 
  part 
  from 
  the 
  Hemiptera 
  

   (Homoptera) 
  and 
  partly 
  from 
  the 
  Mecoptera. 
  Smith, 
  1897 
  

   (Science, 
  N.S. 
  2, 
  vol. 
  5, 
  p. 
  671), 
  groups 
  the 
  Hymenoptera, 
  

   Siphonaptera, 
  Diptera, 
  Mecoptera, 
  Lepidoptera, 
  Tricho- 
  

   ptera, 
  Odonata 
  and 
  Ephemeridae 
  together 
  — 
  a 
  grouping 
  

   which 
  is 
  quite 
  like 
  that 
  here 
  accepted 
  if 
  the 
  Odonata 
  and 
  

   Ephemeridae 
  were 
  omitted, 
  and 
  the 
  Neuroptera 
  sub- 
  

   stituted 
  in 
  their 
  place. 
  Boerner, 
  1904 
  (Zool. 
  Anz., 
  27, 
  

   p. 
  532), 
  groups 
  together 
  the 
  Mecoptera, 
  Diptera, 
  Siphona- 
  

   ptera 
  and 
  Hymenoptera 
  in 
  the 
  section 
  " 
  Cercophora 
  " 
  of 
  

   the 
  Holometabola, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  his 
  including 
  

   the 
  Coleoptera 
  among 
  the 
  insects 
  related 
  to 
  the 
  Neuroptera, 
  

   his 
  derivation 
  of 
  the 
  hnes 
  of 
  descent 
  of 
  the 
  insects 
  in 
  ques- 
  

   tion 
  is 
  essentially 
  similar 
  to 
  that 
  here 
  given. 
  Formerly 
  I 
  

   suggested 
  that 
  the 
  Nycteribiid 
  Diptera 
  have 
  departed 
  

   widely 
  from 
  the 
  other 
  Diptera, 
  and 
  that 
  their 
  Brauhd 
  rela- 
  

   tives 
  Jiave 
  departed 
  sufficiently 
  far 
  to 
  be 
  classed 
  in 
  a 
  

   distinct 
  order 
  (Ent. 
  News, 
  27, 
  p. 
  302) 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  view 
  is 
  

   too 
  extreme, 
  for 
  the 
  pupi 
  parous 
  Diptera 
  are 
  connected 
  with 
  

   the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  by 
  intermediate 
  forms, 
  and 
  

   should 
  be 
  included 
  with 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  homogeneoiis 
  order 
  

   Diptera, 
  since 
  the 
  winged 
  forms 
  are 
  evidently 
  Diptera. 
  

   It 
  is 
  rather 
  interesting 
  to 
  note 
  in 
  this 
  connection, 
  that 
  

   one 
  hundred 
  years 
  ago 
  Leach, 
  1817 
  (Zool. 
  Misc., 
  vol. 
  3), 
  

   had 
  proposed 
  to 
  place 
  the 
  Pupipara 
  in 
  a 
  separate 
  order 
  

  

  