﻿Diptera, 
  Hemiptera 
  and 
  Insects 
  related 
  to 
  Neuroptera. 
  113 
  

  

  apparently 
  with 
  the 
  Trichoptera, 
  as 
  Leach, 
  1817, 
  pointed 
  

   out 
  a 
  hundred 
  years 
  ago. 
  Speyer, 
  1839 
  (Oken's 
  Isis, 
  1839, 
  

   p. 
  94), 
  suggested 
  that 
  the 
  Micropterygids 
  form 
  a 
  transi- 
  

   tional 
  group 
  leading 
  to 
  the 
  Trichoptera, 
  and 
  later 
  in 
  1870 
  

   (Stettin. 
  Ent. 
  Zeitung, 
  1870, 
  p. 
  202) 
  he 
  carried 
  the 
  com- 
  

   parison 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  groups 
  still 
  further. 
  Chapman, 
  

   1893 
  (Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  London, 
  1893, 
  p. 
  255), 
  calls 
  attention 
  

   to 
  the 
  huge 
  mandibles 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  Micropteryx 
  purpurella 
  

   (originally 
  figured 
  by 
  Stainton 
  in 
  the 
  Entomologist's 
  

   . 
  Annual) 
  which 
  certainly 
  resemble 
  those 
  of 
  certain 
  Tricho- 
  

   pterous 
  pupae, 
  and 
  on 
  p. 
  569 
  of 
  the 
  Trans. 
  Ent. 
  Soc. 
  London, 
  

   1896, 
  Chapman 
  * 
  says, 
  " 
  I 
  beheve 
  Dr. 
  Sharp 
  quite 
  agrees 
  

   with 
  me 
  in 
  assimilating 
  the 
  Phryganeidae 
  and 
  Microptery- 
  

   gidae 
  together 
  as 
  being, 
  though 
  somewhat 
  far 
  apart, 
  still 
  

   nearer 
  together 
  than 
  either 
  is 
  to 
  the 
  Neuroptera 
  on 
  the 
  

   one 
  hand, 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  Lepidoptera 
  on 
  the 
  other. 
  I 
  believe 
  

   he 
  sets 
  more 
  value 
  on 
  their 
  Neuropterous 
  than 
  on 
  their 
  

   Lepidopterous 
  affinities, 
  whilst 
  I 
  take 
  rather 
  the 
  contrary 
  

   view, 
  regarding 
  the 
  lower 
  Adehdae 
  as 
  being 
  very 
  probably 
  

   directly 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Micropteryges." 
  Comstock, 
  1918 
  

   (The 
  Wings 
  of 
  Insects, 
  pp. 
  307, 
  313, 
  317), 
  is 
  so 
  deeply 
  im- 
  

   pressed 
  with 
  the 
  Trichopterous 
  affinities 
  of 
  the 
  Microptery- 
  

   gidae, 
  that 
  he 
  removes 
  them 
  from 
  the 
  Lepidoptera 
  and 
  

   places 
  them 
  in 
  the 
  Trichoptera 
  as 
  a 
  suborder 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   group; 
  but 
  the 
  Lepidopterous 
  structures 
  present 
  on 
  the 
  

   Micropterygidae 
  clearly 
  indicate 
  that 
  they 
  belong 
  in 
  the 
  

   order 
  Lepidoptera. 
  Koletani, 
  1858 
  (Wien 
  Ent. 
  Monatschr., 
  

   2, 
  p. 
  381), 
  considers 
  that 
  the 
  " 
  aquatic 
  " 
  Lepidopteron 
  

   Acentropus 
  niveus 
  is 
  annectant 
  between 
  the 
  Trichoptera 
  

   and 
  Lepidoptera, 
  and 
  since 
  such 
  Trichoptera 
  as 
  Plectrotarsus 
  

   gravenhorsti 
  have 
  actually 
  developed 
  a 
  coiled 
  proboscis 
  (!) 
  

   hke 
  that 
  of 
  certain 
  Lepidoptera 
  one 
  can 
  hardly 
  ignore 
  the 
  

   close 
  relationship 
  between 
  the 
  Lepidoptera 
  and 
  Trichoptera. 
  

   Since 
  the 
  Trichoptera 
  have 
  remained 
  more 
  primitive 
  than 
  

   the 
  Lepidoptera, 
  although 
  accompanying 
  the 
  latter 
  insects 
  

   for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  along 
  the 
  same 
  developmental 
  

   road, 
  they 
  may 
  be 
  considered 
  as 
  near 
  as 
  any 
  living 
  forms 
  

   to 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  the 
  Lepidoptera. 
  While 
  emphasising 
  

   the 
  similarity 
  between 
  the 
  wings 
  of 
  Lepidoptera 
  and 
  Tricho- 
  

   ptera, 
  Kellogg, 
  1895 
  (Amer. 
  Naturahst, 
  29, 
  p. 
  718), 
  calls 
  

  

  * 
  Dr. 
  Tillyaid 
  informs 
  nie 
  that 
  C'haiiman 
  places 
  the 
  Micropteryx- 
  

   like 
  forms 
  in 
  an 
  order 
  distinct 
  from 
  the 
  Lepidoptera, 
  called 
  the 
  

   Zeugloptera, 
  in 
  a 
  later 
  pubUcation; 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  unable 
  to 
  

   locate 
  the 
  reference. 
  

  

  TRANS. 
  ENT. 
  SOC. 
  LOND. 
  1919. 
  — 
  -PARTS 
  I, 
  II. 
  (JULY) 
  I 
  

  

  