﻿438 
  Dr. 
  T. 
  A. 
  Chapman 
  on 
  

  

  process 
  of 
  emergence 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  resting 
  period, 
  the 
  move- 
  

   ments 
  being 
  with 
  two 
  objects, 
  to 
  " 
  compress 
  the 
  contents 
  

   of 
  the 
  body 
  and 
  expel 
  drops 
  of 
  potassium 
  hydroxide 
  from 
  

   the 
  mouth 
  " 
  and 
  " 
  constitute 
  the 
  strokes 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  

   labial 
  prongs 
  against 
  the 
  cocoon 
  wall." 
  

  

  In 
  looking 
  through 
  Mr. 
  Latter's 
  papers 
  and 
  my 
  own 
  on 
  

   Hybocampa 
  milhauseri 
  (Entomologist, 
  1890, 
  p. 
  91) 
  and 
  

   on 
  Cerura 
  (Entomologist, 
  1892, 
  p. 
  302), 
  I 
  conclude 
  that 
  

   there 
  really 
  is 
  no 
  resting 
  stage 
  in 
  Cerura. 
  

  

  In 
  Hybocampa 
  the 
  moth 
  is 
  active 
  all 
  the 
  time 
  in 
  cutting 
  

   out 
  the 
  lid 
  with 
  its 
  " 
  sardine 
  opener," 
  the 
  cutting 
  being 
  

   facilitated 
  by 
  the 
  softening 
  fluid 
  that 
  is 
  guided 
  into 
  the 
  

   track 
  by 
  the 
  opener. 
  

  

  In 
  Cerura 
  the 
  moth 
  is 
  active 
  in 
  smearing 
  the 
  fluid 
  over 
  

   the 
  proper 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  cocoon. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  one 
  fact 
  in 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  Cerura, 
  though 
  

   this 
  is 
  hardly 
  relevant 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  paper, 
  that 
  convinces 
  

   me 
  that 
  the 
  moth 
  does 
  not 
  produce 
  any 
  effect 
  on 
  the 
  cocoon 
  

   with 
  the 
  labial 
  prongs 
  that 
  Mr. 
  Latter 
  so 
  carefully 
  describes 
  

   and 
  figures, 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  opening 
  by 
  which 
  Cerura 
  

   emerges 
  from 
  its 
  cocoon 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  irregular 
  fracture, 
  often 
  

   in 
  several 
  pieces, 
  and 
  not 
  alike 
  in 
  any 
  two 
  instances. 
  Were 
  

   the 
  prongs 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  cutting 
  or 
  disruptive 
  implements 
  the 
  

   lid 
  would 
  be 
  of 
  regular 
  form 
  and 
  uniform 
  in 
  all 
  cases, 
  as, 
  

   in 
  fact, 
  the 
  lid 
  in 
  Hybocampa 
  is. 
  

  

  The 
  prongs 
  are, 
  as 
  Mr. 
  Latter 
  recognises, 
  to 
  keep 
  the 
  

   " 
  shield 
  " 
  in 
  position 
  during 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  — 
  

   a 
  function 
  that 
  would 
  be 
  in 
  danger 
  of 
  failing 
  were 
  they 
  also 
  

   used 
  in 
  tearing 
  the 
  cocoon. 
  

  

  The 
  movements 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  are, 
  I 
  think, 
  entirely 
  

   directed 
  to 
  distributing 
  the 
  fluid 
  properly 
  ; 
  any 
  assistance 
  

   they 
  give 
  to 
  the 
  expression 
  of 
  it 
  is, 
  so 
  to 
  speak, 
  accidental. 
  

   I 
  have 
  reared 
  a 
  good 
  many 
  Cerura 
  in 
  the 
  last 
  few 
  years, 
  

   and 
  my 
  observations 
  on 
  them 
  quite 
  confirm 
  this 
  view 
  of 
  

   the 
  mechanics 
  of 
  the 
  escape 
  from 
  the 
  cocoon. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  find 
  any 
  published 
  notes 
  on 
  

   the 
  subject, 
  the 
  only 
  observation 
  of 
  a 
  rest 
  being 
  taken 
  

   between 
  breaking 
  the 
  pupa 
  shell 
  and 
  quitting 
  the 
  cocoon 
  is 
  

   that 
  by 
  Trouvelot 
  on 
  Telea 
  polyphenms, 
  but 
  one 
  supposes 
  it 
  

   must 
  also 
  take 
  place 
  in 
  such 
  cases 
  as 
  in 
  species 
  of 
  Saturnia 
  

   Hke 
  S. 
  pyri, 
  S. 
  carjnni, 
  etc., 
  that 
  have 
  a 
  specially 
  prepared 
  

   exit 
  ; 
  which, 
  indeed, 
  also 
  exists 
  in 
  such 
  species 
  as 
  Antheraea 
  

   pernyi 
  and 
  A. 
  yamamai, 
  although 
  the 
  undisturbed 
  cocoon 
  

   shows 
  no 
  indication 
  of 
  it. 
  

  

  