﻿the 
  Life 
  History 
  of 
  Lycaena 
  euphemus. 
  459 
  

  

  instars, 
  are 
  not 
  here 
  obvious 
  by 
  differentiation 
  from 
  the 
  

   other 
  hairs. 
  It 
  is, 
  of 
  course, 
  only 
  an 
  assumption, 
  quite 
  

   reasonable, 
  but 
  also 
  quite 
  open 
  to 
  doubt, 
  that 
  the 
  long 
  hairs 
  

   of 
  the 
  last 
  stage 
  are 
  primary 
  setae. 
  The 
  hairs 
  over 
  the 
  

   dorsum 
  (spiracle 
  to 
  spiracle) 
  of 
  an 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  are 
  

   fourteen 
  to 
  sixteen, 
  but 
  vary 
  in 
  number 
  and 
  disposition 
  

   from 
  segment 
  to 
  segment, 
  and 
  vary 
  in 
  length 
  from 
  about 
  

   0'2 
  to 
  0'3 
  mm. 
  ; 
  some 
  on 
  the 
  prothorax 
  are 
  a 
  little 
  longer. 
  

   The 
  skin-points 
  are 
  conspicuous 
  and 
  somewhat 
  regularly 
  

   arranged. 
  The 
  head, 
  legs, 
  and 
  prothoracic 
  plate 
  are 
  dark 
  

   (black 
  till 
  magnified). 
  The 
  lenticles 
  show 
  something 
  of 
  

   the 
  same 
  irregularity 
  of 
  disposition 
  as 
  the 
  hairs. 
  The 
  

   prothoracic 
  plate 
  has 
  two 
  pairs, 
  and 
  also 
  a 
  minute 
  pair 
  that 
  

   seem 
  to 
  represent 
  the 
  special 
  angular 
  hair. 
  In 
  the 
  specimen 
  

   noted, 
  there 
  are 
  two 
  lenticles 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  half 
  of 
  

   the 
  prothoracic 
  plate, 
  and 
  one 
  near 
  the 
  left 
  angle 
  ; 
  there 
  

   are 
  none 
  on 
  2nd 
  and 
  3rd 
  thoracics. 
  The 
  1st 
  abdominal 
  

   has 
  a 
  lenticle 
  above 
  spiracle 
  on 
  left 
  side 
  only, 
  none 
  on 
  right, 
  

   all 
  the 
  other 
  abdominal 
  spiracles 
  have 
  such 
  a 
  lenticle 
  above 
  

   them, 
  and 
  4th 
  and 
  5th 
  abdominal 
  on 
  right 
  side 
  only 
  have 
  a 
  

   second, 
  just 
  above 
  and 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  first. 
  The 
  5th 
  and 
  

   following 
  segments 
  have 
  a 
  lenticle 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  dorsum 
  

   near 
  front 
  margin. 
  On 
  the 
  7th 
  the 
  spiracular 
  lenticle 
  is 
  a 
  

   good 
  way 
  above 
  the 
  spiracle 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  8th 
  it 
  is 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  

   spiracle 
  and 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  it, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  side 
  only 
  another 
  

   rather 
  behind 
  though 
  above 
  ; 
  the 
  two 
  dorsal 
  ones 
  are 
  rather 
  

   close 
  together 
  and 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  four 
  rather 
  long 
  hairs 
  

   placed 
  trapezoidally 
  as 
  does 
  not 
  occur 
  on 
  any 
  other 
  segment. 
  

   The 
  9th 
  has 
  the 
  two 
  dorsal 
  lenticles 
  only; 
  the 
  10th 
  has 
  

   them 
  also 
  and 
  a 
  pair 
  behind 
  them 
  perhaps 
  representing 
  the 
  

   anal 
  plate, 
  that 
  is 
  otherwise 
  absent. 
  

  

  The 
  honey-gland 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  smooth 
  oval 
  area, 
  

   about 
  0"2 
  mm. 
  from 
  angle 
  to 
  angle, 
  with 
  the 
  skin-points 
  

   arranged 
  in 
  condensed 
  Hues 
  closer 
  together 
  and 
  smaller 
  

   in 
  size 
  as 
  they 
  approach 
  the 
  smooth 
  area. 
  Very 
  remarkably 
  

   the 
  centre 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  carries 
  a 
  small 
  hair 
  about 
  0*1 
  mm. 
  long. 
  

  

  The 
  spiracles 
  do 
  not 
  differ 
  materially 
  in 
  size 
  from 
  those 
  

   of 
  L. 
  alcon 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  stage. 
  In 
  L. 
  alcon 
  the 
  spiracles 
  are 
  

   each 
  on 
  a 
  low 
  chitinous 
  cone, 
  and 
  its 
  lenticles 
  have 
  a 
  similar 
  

   appearance 
  ; 
  it 
  has 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  honey-gland, 
  and 
  lenticles 
  

   are 
  very 
  numerous 
  on 
  the 
  prothoracic 
  plate 
  . 
  On 
  the 
  prolegs 
  

   in 
  this 
  instar 
  there 
  are 
  to 
  each 
  set 
  (anterior 
  and 
  posterior 
  

   of 
  each 
  proleg) 
  one 
  long 
  hook 
  and 
  two, 
  and 
  occasionally 
  

   three, 
  short 
  ones 
  ; 
  on 
  their 
  bases 
  are 
  only 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  quite 
  

  

  