﻿On 
  the 
  PiPiLO 
  Oregonus, 
  as 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  Pipilo 
  

   Arcticus 
  of 
  Sioainson. 
  By 
  John 
  Bell. 
  Read 
  November 
  

   21th, 
  1848. 
  

  

  Upon 
  a 
  critical 
  examination 
  of 
  many 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  

   bird, 
  figured 
  and 
  described 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Audubon, 
  as 
  the 
  Fringilla 
  

   arctica, 
  many 
  strongly 
  marked 
  characters 
  may 
  be 
  observed, 
  

   which 
  distinguish 
  it 
  from 
  the 
  Pipilo 
  arcticus 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Swain- 
  

   son, 
  with 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  confounded, 
  not 
  only 
  by 
  him, 
  but 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  Nuttall 
  likewise. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Audubon's 
  specimens 
  were 
  procured 
  in 
  the 
  Oregon 
  

   territory, 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Nuttall 
  observed 
  it 
  very 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  

   valley 
  of 
  the 
  Columbia. 
  Mr. 
  Swainson's 
  species 
  is 
  probably 
  

   never 
  found 
  except 
  on 
  this 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  mountains, 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  

   bird 
  which 
  Mr. 
  Nuttall 
  considered 
  as 
  Pipilo 
  erythrophthalmus, 
  

   for 
  he 
  observes 
  that 
  this 
  bird 
  is 
  found 
  even 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  

   mountains. 
  

  

  During 
  an 
  expedition 
  to 
  the 
  upper 
  Missouri, 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  

   1843, 
  we 
  did 
  not 
  meet 
  with 
  a 
  single 
  individual 
  of 
  that 
  species, 
  

   but 
  daily 
  saw 
  the 
  bird 
  which 
  he 
  undoubtedly 
  mistook 
  for 
  it, 
  

   and 
  which 
  is 
  easily 
  recognised 
  as 
  Mr. 
  Swainson's 
  P. 
  arcticus, 
  

   answering 
  his 
  description 
  in 
  every 
  particular, 
  except 
  a 
  trifling 
  

   ditfcrence 
  in 
  the 
  white 
  markings 
  on 
  the 
  scapulars 
  and 
  tail 
  

   feathers, 
  which 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  further 
  proof 
  is 
  insufficient 
  

   to 
  make 
  a 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  it, 
  which 
  however 
  it 
  may 
  hereafter 
  

   prove 
  to 
  be. 
  

  

  From 
  this 
  bird 
  having 
  hitherto 
  been 
  only 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   Oregon 
  territory, 
  it 
  is 
  proposed 
  to 
  name 
  it 
  

  

  Pipilo 
  Oregonus. 
  Bell. 
  

  

  Outer 
  web 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  tail 
  feathers 
  blacl 
  ; 
  the 
  

  

  