﻿On 
  Pipilo 
  Oregonus. 
  7 
  

  

  black 
  on 
  the 
  breast 
  extending' 
  much 
  farther 
  down 
  than 
  in 
  

   other 
  species, 
  and 
  running 
  straight 
  across. 
  

  

  Fringilla 
  Arctica. 
  Audubon 
  and 
  Nuttall. 
  

  

  Head, 
  neck 
  all 
  round, 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  breast 
  and 
  upper 
  parts 
  in 
  

   general, 
  black 
  ; 
  sides 
  and 
  lower 
  tail-coverts 
  orange-red 
  ; 
  the 
  

   latter 
  paler 
  ; 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  breast 
  and 
  abdomen 
  white 
  ; 
  

   feathers 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  dusky, 
  margined 
  with 
  whitish 
  ; 
  an 
  elon- 
  

   gated 
  patch 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  web 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  scapulars, 
  a 
  [small 
  

   terminal 
  spot 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  row 
  of 
  small 
  coverts, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   secondary 
  coverts, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  patch 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  inner 
  

   web 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  three 
  tail 
  feathers 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  white. 
  

  

  Female 
  smaller, 
  differing 
  only 
  in 
  having 
  the 
  parts 
  which 
  

   in 
  the 
  male 
  are 
  black, 
  dull 
  brownish 
  black. 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  S% 
  inches; 
  wing, 
  Z'i 
  inches, 
  

   females 
  " 
  ; 
  " 
  3M 
  " 
  

   Inhabits 
  on 
  Columbia 
  river, 
  abundant 
  and 
  migratory, 
  gee 
  

   Audubon's 
  Synopsis, 
  page 
  123. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  bird 
  described 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Swainson, 
  the 
  white 
  mark 
  on 
  

   the 
  tail 
  is 
  much 
  larger 
  and 
  runs 
  across 
  both 
  webs, 
  in 
  the 
  first, 
  

   second, 
  and 
  third 
  pairs, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  fourth 
  

   and 
  fifth 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  web. 
  The 
  black 
  on 
  the 
  breast 
  termi- 
  

   nates 
  in 
  a 
  crescent 
  ; 
  the 
  head, 
  neck 
  and 
  breast 
  are 
  not 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  

   deep 
  black, 
  and 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  web 
  of 
  the 
  

   scapulars 
  is 
  white, 
  forming 
  a 
  conspicuous 
  white 
  band 
  ; 
  the 
  

   greater 
  and 
  less 
  wing 
  coverts 
  are 
  largely 
  marked 
  with 
  white 
  ; 
  

   rump 
  ashey. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  P. 
  Oregonus, 
  the 
  bill 
  and 
  feet 
  are 
  rather 
  stronger, 
  

   the 
  bill 
  loss 
  acute 
  on 
  the 
  ridge, 
  the 
  black 
  extends 
  much 
  far- 
  

   ther 
  down 
  the 
  breast, 
  and 
  runs 
  straight 
  across, 
  the 
  color 
  

   being 
  uniformly 
  darker 
  throughout, 
  . 
  with 
  much 
  less 
  white 
  on 
  

   the 
  tail 
  ; 
  the 
  outer 
  web 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  pair 
  of 
  tail-feathers 
  bla 
  'k, 
  

  

  