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  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  FOURTH 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  MEETING 
  

  

  they 
  were 
  more 
  sluggisli. 
  On 
  visiting 
  a 
  garden 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  morning 
  

   at 
  6 
  A.M., 
  in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  December, 
  when 
  the 
  weather 
  is 
  sufficiently 
  

   cold 
  in 
  the 
  Punjab, 
  the 
  hoppers 
  were 
  found 
  quite 
  inactive, 
  hiding 
  behind 
  

   the 
  bark 
  and 
  reluctant 
  to 
  hop 
  off 
  even 
  when 
  disturbed 
  with 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  

   pencil. 
  Spraying 
  operations 
  were 
  at 
  once 
  commenced 
  and 
  some 
  

   400 
  trees 
  were 
  taken 
  in 
  hand 
  for 
  experiment. 
  The 
  trees 
  were 
  sprayed 
  

   for 
  only 
  about 
  three 
  hours 
  every 
  day 
  (6 
  a.m. 
  to 
  9-30 
  a.m.). 
  

  

  Various 
  insecticides, 
  such 
  as 
  Resin 
  wash, 
  Fishoil 
  Resin 
  soap, 
  

   Macdougal's 
  fluid. 
  Sanitary 
  fluid, 
  Soap, 
  Crude 
  oil 
  emulsion. 
  Tobacco 
  

   decoction, 
  and 
  Phenol 
  were 
  tried 
  one 
  after 
  the 
  other, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  

   that 
  an 
  insecticide 
  having 
  Resin 
  or 
  some 
  other 
  sticky 
  substance 
  as 
  one 
  

   of 
  its 
  constituents 
  was 
  more 
  effective, 
  because 
  it 
  made 
  the 
  sluggish 
  

   hoppers 
  stick 
  to 
  the 
  plants. 
  

  

  Resin 
  wash 
  was 
  tried 
  (3 
  seers 
  in 
  30 
  gallons 
  of 
  water). 
  Plants 
  were 
  

   visited 
  five 
  hours 
  after 
  the 
  spray, 
  and 
  insects 
  were 
  found 
  stuck 
  to 
  the 
  

   tree 
  trunks, 
  some 
  dead, 
  but 
  many 
  still 
  kicking 
  and 
  moving 
  their 
  legs. 
  

   This 
  showed 
  that 
  Resin 
  by 
  itself 
  did 
  not 
  kill 
  them. 
  It 
  was 
  therefore 
  

   proposed 
  to 
  mix 
  a 
  strong 
  contact 
  poison 
  with 
  resin 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  

   were 
  tried 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Sanitary 
  fluid, 
  Tobacco 
  decoction, 
  Crude 
  oil 
  emulsion, 
  Solignum, 
  

   and 
  Soap. 
  As 
  is 
  evident 
  from 
  the 
  examination 
  of 
  detailed 
  observations 
  

   given 
  below, 
  Resin 
  and 
  Solignum 
  or 
  Resin 
  and 
  Crude 
  oil 
  emulsion, 
  proved 
  

   very 
  effective; 
  the 
  former 
  being 
  cheaper 
  was 
  given 
  preference. 
  It 
  must 
  

   be 
  remarked 
  that 
  pure 
  Resin 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  sticky 
  as 
  crude 
  Resin, 
  hence 
  the 
  

   latter 
  was 
  used. 
  To 
  dissolve 
  Resin 
  in 
  water, 
  the 
  addition 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  

   amount 
  of 
  crude 
  oil 
  was 
  essential. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  are 
  proportions 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  constituents 
  of 
  the 
  

   insecticides 
  used 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Resin 
  2 
  seers 
  } 
  <s 
  a 
  i 
  

  

  Soda 
  1 
  seer 
  I 
  %^^^ 
  ^ 
  ^f^ 
  I 
  2 
  seers 
  of 
  Crude 
  Oil 
  

  

  o 
  T 
  o 
  > 
  or 
  Crude 
  oil 
  ^ 
  seer 
  > 
  or 
  -c^ 
  i 
  . 
  

  

  Solignum 
  2 
  seers 
  / 
  „ 
  v 
  o 
  i 
  Emulsion. 
  

  

  itT 
  i 
  oe 
  11 
  bolienum 
  2 
  seers 
  

  

  Water 
  25 
  gallons 
  J 
  Water 
  25 
  gallons 
  J 
  

  

  The 
  trees 
  under 
  experiment 
  were 
  60 
  years 
  old, 
  and 
  in 
  height 
  varied 
  

   between 
  25-30 
  feet. 
  On 
  an 
  average 
  ten 
  gallons 
  of 
  insecticide 
  were 
  

   required 
  for 
  one 
  tree. 
  The 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  insecticide 
  was 
  0-6-0 
  for 
  Resin 
  

   and 
  Solignum 
  and 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  for 
  Resin 
  and 
  Crude 
  Oil. 
  

  

  The 
  garden 
  under 
  experiment 
  is 
  notorious 
  for 
  being 
  the 
  most 
  heavily 
  

   attacked 
  mango-orchard 
  near 
  Lahore. 
  It 
  is 
  to 
  bear 
  fruits 
  next 
  summer, 
  

   but 
  the 
  effect 
  of 
  the 
  winter 
  spraying 
  was 
  evident 
  from 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  

   dead 
  hoppers 
  that 
  were 
  seen 
  a 
  short 
  time 
  after 
  a 
  spraying 
  operation. 
  

   To 
  get 
  an 
  idea 
  of 
  the 
  numbers 
  killed, 
  counts 
  were 
  made 
  and 
  the 
  hoppers 
  

   seen'within 
  a 
  definite 
  period 
  of 
  time, 
  dead 
  or 
  living, 
  were 
  recorded. 
  The 
  

   results 
  of 
  these 
  counts 
  are 
  given 
  below 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  