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  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  FOURTH 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  MEETING 
  

  

  Schat 
  (1910), 
  in 
  a 
  paper 
  on 
  Surra 
  in 
  Java, 
  described 
  the 
  multiplica- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  parasite 
  in 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  certain 
  flies 
  and 
  described 
  and 
  figured 
  

   a 
  sexual 
  cycle, 
  only 
  an 
  asexual 
  cycle 
  occurring 
  in 
  mammalian 
  hosts. 
  

   He 
  concluded 
  that 
  the 
  chief 
  carrier 
  is 
  Stomoxijs 
  calcitrans, 
  but 
  that 
  

   it 
  may 
  be 
  carried 
  occasionally 
  by 
  Tabanus 
  tropicus 
  and 
  Hcematobia 
  

   {Lyperosia) 
  exigua. 
  

  

  Bruce, 
  Hamerton, 
  Bateman 
  and 
  Mackie 
  (1910) 
  concluded 
  that 
  in 
  

   the 
  case 
  of 
  Trypanosoma 
  pecorum 
  [which 
  is 
  closely 
  allied 
  to 
  Surra 
  but 
  

   apparently 
  distinct, 
  as 
  it 
  is 
  non-pathogenic 
  to 
  guinea-pigs] 
  in 
  Central 
  

   Africa, 
  Stomoxys 
  was 
  always 
  numerous 
  but 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  inconceivable 
  

   that 
  it 
  should 
  act 
  as 
  a 
  carrier, 
  as 
  infected 
  and 
  healthy 
  cattle 
  were 
  placed 
  

   together 
  for 
  a 
  whole 
  year 
  in 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  " 
  exceedingly 
  numerous 
  " 
  

   Sto?noxys 
  without 
  a 
  case 
  occurring. 
  They 
  conclude 
  that 
  the 
  carrier 
  

   is 
  unknown 
  but 
  probably 
  a 
  Tabanus. 
  

  

  Baldrey 
  (1911) 
  concluded 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  developmental 
  cycle, 
  which 
  

   he 
  illustrates, 
  and 
  which 
  he 
  states 
  can 
  occur 
  in 
  species 
  of 
  Tabanus 
  and 
  

   in 
  Stomoxys 
  calcitrans. 
  [With 
  regard 
  to 
  this, 
  we 
  would 
  remark 
  the 
  

   figures 
  of 
  " 
  conjugation 
  " 
  probably 
  represent 
  a 
  process 
  of 
  division 
  and 
  

   that 
  the 
  other 
  figures 
  are 
  poor 
  and 
  prove 
  nothing. 
  If, 
  however, 
  a 
  

   division 
  process 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  fly, 
  this 
  rather 
  tends 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  

   Trypanosome 
  is 
  healthy 
  and 
  is 
  not 
  degenerating 
  as 
  asserted 
  by 
  Leese], 
  

  

  Mathis 
  and 
  Leger 
  (1911) 
  state 
  that 
  Surra 
  occurs 
  in 
  Indo-China 
  in 
  

   cattle 
  (of 
  256 
  examined, 
  Trypanosomes 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  5 
  presenting 
  

   no 
  obvious 
  symptoms), 
  buf!aios 
  (of 
  216 
  examined 
  2 
  were 
  found 
  infected) 
  

   and 
  horses 
  (1 
  found 
  infected 
  out 
  of 
  42 
  examined). 
  Attempts 
  to 
  transmit 
  

   to 
  a 
  horse 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  Tabanus 
  failed. 
  

  

  Neveu-Lemaire 
  (1912) 
  gave 
  a 
  general 
  account 
  of 
  Surra 
  and 
  stated 
  

   that 
  in 
  Mauritius 
  Daruty 
  de 
  Grandpre 
  has 
  incriminated 
  Stomoxys 
  nigra 
  

   as 
  a 
  carrier 
  of 
  Surra. 
  [The 
  only 
  Indian 
  Tabanid 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  

   Mauritius 
  is 
  T. 
  ditoeniatus, 
  Macq., 
  which 
  is 
  widely 
  distributed 
  throughout 
  

   Africa, 
  the 
  Mascarenes, 
  India, 
  China 
  and 
  Japan]. 
  

  

  Leese 
  (1912) 
  stated 
  that 
  Lyperosia 
  minuta 
  is 
  a 
  transmitter 
  in 
  the 
  

   absence 
  of 
  other 
  biting 
  flies 
  and 
  that 
  transmission 
  is 
  quite 
  mechanical. 
  

   [We 
  should, 
  however, 
  like 
  to 
  have 
  further 
  evidence 
  regarding 
  the 
  absence 
  

   of 
  Tabanids 
  and 
  biting 
  flies 
  other 
  than 
  Lyperosia]. 
  

  

  Mitzmain 
  (1913), 
  from 
  experiments 
  in 
  the 
  Philippines, 
  concluded 
  

   that 
  Tabanus 
  striatus 
  transmits 
  Surra 
  mechanically 
  over 
  short 
  intervals, 
  

   that 
  Trypanosomes 
  are 
  not 
  transmitted 
  hereditarily 
  in 
  the 
  fly, 
  and 
  

   that 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  transmitted 
  by 
  merely 
  sucking 
  with 
  the 
  labellum. 
  

   [This 
  last 
  observation 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  rule 
  out 
  the 
  haematophagous 
  

   Muscids. 
  Mitzmain' 
  s 
  experiments 
  were 
  done 
  with 
  bred 
  flies 
  but 
  he 
  

  

  