﻿PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  FOURTH 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  MEETING 
  27o 
  

  

  in 
  two 
  pairs 
  on 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  thoracic 
  and 
  one 
  pair 
  on 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  abdominal 
  

   segments. 
  These 
  hairs 
  are 
  very 
  minute 
  and 
  delicate 
  but 
  they 
  differ 
  

   in 
  number 
  in 
  different 
  species, 
  and 
  hence 
  they 
  serve 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  points 
  

   in 
  distinguishing 
  one 
  species 
  from 
  another. 
  The 
  anal 
  segment 
  of 
  the 
  

   adult 
  larva 
  is 
  the 
  narrowest 
  and 
  longest 
  and 
  carries 
  four 
  pairs 
  of 
  small 
  

   hairs 
  on 
  the 
  lateral 
  margin 
  at 
  its 
  apex 
  and 
  two 
  pairs 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  surface. 
  

   The 
  young 
  larva 
  possesses 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  very 
  minute 
  eye 
  spots 
  but 
  the 
  adult 
  

   larva 
  has 
  two 
  pairs. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  true 
  stigmata 
  ; 
  the 
  tracheal 
  

   tubes 
  originate 
  from 
  the 
  apex 
  of 
  the 
  caudal 
  end 
  to 
  which 
  four 
  pairs 
  

   of 
  very 
  thin 
  blade-like 
  papillae 
  are 
  attached. 
  

  

  The 
  number 
  and 
  shape 
  of 
  these 
  papillae 
  dift'er 
  in 
  different 
  species 
  

   of 
  the 
  genus. 
  In 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  one 
  very 
  small 
  species 
  two 
  pairs 
  of 
  such 
  

   papillae 
  have 
  been 
  seen. 
  The 
  larvae 
  in 
  the 
  young 
  stage 
  have 
  a 
  slow 
  

   serpentine 
  motion 
  but 
  as 
  they 
  grow 
  bigger 
  they 
  assume 
  a 
  rapid 
  vibratile 
  

   motion. 
  Patton 
  has 
  compared 
  them 
  to 
  giant 
  spirochaetes. 
  They 
  

   remain 
  very 
  often 
  lying 
  under 
  their 
  food 
  material, 
  especially 
  when 
  

   they 
  are 
  young, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  advanced 
  stage 
  they 
  are 
  seen 
  very 
  often 
  

   coming 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  and 
  remain 
  in 
  recesses, 
  exposing 
  their 
  

   heads 
  out 
  of 
  water. 
  

  

  The 
  adult 
  larva 
  of 
  C*. 
  oxystoma 
  develops 
  two 
  pairs 
  of 
  oval 
  reddish 
  

   spots 
  on 
  the 
  metathorax, 
  the 
  pronotum 
  also 
  carries 
  several 
  very 
  minute 
  

   dot-Hke 
  spots. 
  The 
  larva 
  when 
  about 
  to 
  pupate 
  gets 
  a 
  little 
  swollen 
  in 
  

   the 
  thoracic 
  region. 
  It 
  then 
  anchors 
  itself 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  its 
  powerful 
  

   mandibles 
  and 
  starts 
  the 
  operation 
  of 
  casting 
  away 
  the 
  last 
  larval 
  skin. 
  

   The 
  larval 
  period 
  lasts 
  from 
  two 
  to 
  ten 
  weeks 
  according 
  to 
  weather. 
  

  

  In 
  laboratory 
  experiments 
  very 
  often 
  pupation 
  takes 
  place 
  at 
  the 
  

   bottom 
  of 
  water 
  but 
  within 
  a 
  short 
  period 
  the 
  pupa 
  becomes 
  buoyant 
  

   and 
  floats 
  to 
  the 
  surface, 
  A 
  pupa 
  which 
  fails 
  to 
  float 
  up 
  always 
  fails 
  

   to 
  emerge 
  out 
  also. 
  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  2| 
  mm. 
  long, 
  yellowish 
  when 
  freshly 
  

   pupated, 
  but 
  turning 
  darker 
  as 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  imago 
  proceeds. 
  

   The 
  respiratory 
  trumpets 
  are 
  club-shaped 
  with 
  a 
  crenulated 
  margin 
  

   on 
  one 
  face. 
  The 
  stalks 
  of 
  the 
  respiratory 
  trumpets 
  of 
  C. 
  oxystoma 
  

   are 
  not 
  supplied 
  with 
  any 
  protuberances, 
  unlike 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  of 
  

   C. 
  kiefferi 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  comparatively 
  shorter. 
  • 
  Each 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  

   is 
  provided 
  with 
  a 
  transverse 
  row 
  of 
  very 
  minute 
  knob-like 
  bristles 
  which 
  

   gradually 
  get 
  longer 
  towards 
  the 
  apical 
  segment. 
  The 
  pupa 
  at 
  its 
  

   caudal 
  end 
  bears 
  two 
  prominent 
  hooks 
  which 
  aid 
  in 
  anchoring 
  and 
  

   locomotion. 
  Pupal 
  period 
  lasts 
  from 
  four 
  to 
  seven 
  days 
  according 
  to 
  

   climatic 
  conditions. 
  

  

  Flies 
  of 
  this 
  genus 
  occur 
  throughout 
  India. 
  In 
  Assam 
  and 
  Bengal 
  

   some 
  species 
  of 
  Culicoides 
  are 
  very 
  common 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  throughout 
  

   the 
  year. 
  In 
  Assam 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  these 
  flies 
  noticed 
  during 
  July 
  and 
  

  

  