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  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  FOURTH 
  ENTOMOLOGICAL 
  MEETING 
  

  

  structures 
  occupying 
  the 
  portion 
  lying 
  between 
  the 
  posterior 
  end 
  of 
  

   the 
  tenth 
  segment 
  and 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  ninth. 
  The 
  antennae 
  are 
  re- 
  

   presented 
  by 
  two 
  fine 
  prominences 
  in 
  the 
  pre-apical 
  portions. 
  The 
  

   jaws 
  occupy 
  the 
  portion 
  lying 
  between 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  and 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  segment. 
  

  

  The 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  are 
  very 
  much 
  like 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  one 
  previously 
  

   described. 
  

  

  The 
  larval 
  period 
  varies 
  from 
  7 
  to 
  10 
  days. 
  

  

  One 
  interesting 
  fact 
  about 
  the 
  larvae 
  is 
  that 
  for 
  pupation 
  they 
  would 
  

   seem 
  to 
  prefer 
  narrow 
  round 
  grass-blades 
  to 
  broad 
  ones 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  

   width 
  of 
  the 
  blade 
  is 
  hardly 
  sufficient 
  to 
  hold 
  the 
  whole 
  pupa. 
  

  

  While 
  pupating 
  the 
  . 
  larva 
  does 
  not 
  evidently 
  shrink 
  as 
  much 
  in 
  

   length 
  as 
  the 
  other 
  species. 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  is, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  previous 
  species, 
  plano-convex, 
  bluntly 
  taper- 
  

   in 
  «• 
  at 
  both 
  ends, 
  narrowed 
  to 
  a 
  greater 
  extent 
  posteriorly 
  than 
  anterior- 
  

   ly, 
  dirty 
  yellowish 
  brown, 
  with 
  segmental 
  lines 
  indistinctly 
  visible, 
  

   and 
  the 
  details 
  very 
  much 
  hidden 
  from 
  view 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  deposit 
  of 
  a 
  

   scaly 
  matter 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  understood. 
  In 
  other 
  respects 
  

   the 
  pattern 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  very 
  much 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  species, 
  the 
  

   pupal 
  period 
  being 
  also 
  practically 
  the 
  same. 
  

  

  The 
  above 
  notes, 
  which 
  are 
  very 
  scrappy 
  and 
  incomplete, 
  were 
  

   written 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  shortly 
  after 
  he 
  commenced 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  Ento- 
  

   mology. 
  It 
  is 
  proposed 
  to 
  resume 
  a 
  detailed 
  study 
  of 
  this 
  interesting 
  

   group 
  of 
  insects 
  with 
  special 
  reference 
  to 
  the 
  function 
  of 
  the 
  remark- 
  

   able 
  scutellum, 
  and 
  correct 
  any 
  errors 
  that 
  may 
  have 
  possibly 
  crept 
  

   into 
  these 
  notes. 
  The 
  chief 
  importance 
  in 
  this 
  paper 
  naturally 
  attaches 
  

   itself 
  to 
  the 
  plates, 
  there 
  being 
  on 
  record, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  writer, 
  

   no 
  illustration 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  stages 
  of 
  any 
  representative 
  of 
  this 
  family. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Sen's 
  paper 
  is 
  very 
  interesting, 
  as, 
  prior 
  to 
  his 
  work, 
  none 
  had 
  

   been 
  done 
  on 
  the 
  life 
  -histories 
  in 
  this 
  family 
  and 
  no 
  one 
  knew 
  where 
  

   to 
  look 
  for 
  early 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  flies. 
  Breeding 
  alone 
  can 
  settle 
  the 
  specific 
  

   limits 
  of 
  Celyphus 
  obtectus, 
  and 
  probably 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  described 
  species 
  

   of 
  the 
  genus* 
  are 
  only 
  varieties 
  of 
  it. 
  

  

  Have 
  you 
  got 
  any 
  definite 
  characters 
  which 
  would 
  distinguish 
  the 
  

   larva 
  of 
  one 
  species 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  another 
  ? 
  In 
  describing 
  larvse 
  it 
  is 
  

   very 
  necessary 
  to 
  give 
  comparative 
  distinctions 
  ; 
  when 
  a 
  single 
  species 
  

   only 
  is 
  described, 
  most 
  probably 
  the 
  diagnostic 
  distinguishing 
  point 
  

   is 
  overlooked. 
  Descriptions 
  of 
  larvse 
  for 
  bionomic 
  purposes 
  without 
  

   comparison 
  with 
  other 
  nearly 
  related 
  species 
  are 
  comparatively 
  worth- 
  

   less. 
  I 
  have 
  had 
  much 
  trouble 
  in 
  this 
  respect 
  in 
  other 
  groups. 
  It 
  is 
  

   better 
  to 
  defer 
  description 
  till 
  comparative 
  work 
  can 
  be 
  done. 
  

  

  