xiv CONTENTS. 



— Change of Arrangements. — Second Cruise ; to the Bay of Biscay. — 

 Dredging successful at 2,435 fathoms. — Third Cruise ; in the Channel 

 between Fseroe and Shetland. — The Fauna of the ' Cold Area.' Page, 82 



Appendix A. — Official Documents and Official Accounts of preliminary 

 Proceedings in connection with the Explorations in H.M. Surveying- 

 vessel ' Porcupine,' during the Summer of 1869 Page 133 



Appendix B. — Particulars of Depth, Temperature, and Position at the 

 various Dredging Stations of H.M.S. ' Porcupine,' in the Summer of 

 1869 Page 142 



CHAPTER IV. 



the cruises of the ' porcupine ' {continued). 



From Shetland to Stornoway. — Phosphorescence.— The Echinothuridce. — 

 The Fauna of the ' Warm Area.' — End of the Cruise of 1869. — Arrange- 

 ments for the Expedition of 1870. — From England to Gibraltar. — 

 Peculiar Conditions of the Mediterranean. — Return to Cowes. Page 145 



Appendix A. — Extracts from the Minutes of Council of the Royal Society, 

 and other official Documents referring to the Cruise of H.M.S. ' Porcu- 

 pine ' during the Summer of 1870 Page 197 



Appendix B. — Particulars of Depth, Temperature, and Position at the 

 various Dredging-stations of H.M.S. ' Porcupine ' in the Summer of 

 1870 Page 202 



CHAPTER V. 



DEEP-SEA SOUNDING. 



The ordinary Sounding-lead for moderate Depths. — Liable to Error when 

 employed in Deep Water. — Early Deep Soundings unreliable. — Improved 

 Methods of Sounding. — The Cup-lead. — Brooke's Sounding Instrument. — 

 The ' Bull-dog ; ' Fitzgerald's ; the ' Hydra,' — Sounding from the ' Porcu- 

 pine.' — The Contour of the Bed of the North Atlantic ... Page 205 



CHAPTER VI. 



DEEP-SEA DREDGINO. 



The Naturalist's Dredge. — 0. F. Miiller.— Ball's Dredge. — Dredging at 

 moderate Depths. — The Dredge-rope. — Dredging in Deep Water. — The 

 ' Hempen tangles.' — Dredging on board the ' Porcupine.' -The Sieves. — 



