1 1 8 THE DEPTHS OF THE SEA. [chap. hi. 



noclypus, the pluteus ' pseudembryo ' having been 

 carried along and distributed by the gulf-stream, or 

 of some European deep-water clypeastroid hitherto 

 unknown. 



The three so-called species of the genus Toxo- 

 pnenstes of the cold area must, I fear, submit 

 to fusion. T. pictus, Norman, ami T. pall id ks, 

 G. O. Saks, are certainly varieties of T. drobachi- 

 ensls, O. E. Muller. 



The young of Brissopsis lyrifera, Eorbes, were 

 abundant at all depths, but mature examples did 

 not occur beyond 200 fathoms, and were larger 

 and more abundant from 50 to 100 fathoms. Tri- 

 pylusfra gills, D. and K., a rather scarce Scandinavian 

 form, was added to the British fauna ; several speci- 

 mens having been taken, unfortunately usually 

 crushed on account of its great delicacy, in the 

 deeper and colder hauls. Magnificent specimens of 

 the handsome heart-urchin, Spatangus raschi, were 

 very abundant, associated in the same zone of depth 

 with Cidaris. 



Star-fishes were very numerous, rare and new 

 species sometimes actually crowding the hempen 

 tangles. The two species of Brisinga, B. endeca- 

 cnemos, Absj., and B. coronata, G. O, Sars, came up 

 occasionally and were always regarded as prizes, 

 although it was a matter of some difficulty to ex- 

 tricate their spiny arms one after the other from the 

 tangles; they were scarcely ever within the dredge. 

 Sala8ter papposm, Forbes, apparently their nearest of 

 kin though far removed, was represented abundantly 

 by a very pretty deep-water variety, with ten arms 

 about forty millimetres across from tip to tip. 



