Mimetic Relationships in the genus Heliconius. 131 



underside the white internervular streaks and fringes are 

 well represented in wallacei colon, the peculiar arrangement 

 of the basal red is similar, and the conspicuous precostal 

 yellowish spot is common to both. The base of the fore- 

 wing costa beneath in wallacei is deep red, corresponding 

 with a more conspicuous basal red in burneyi. Indeed, 

 the hind-wing undersides in wallacei colon and burneyi 

 catharinae are practically identical, and if a series of the 

 hind-wings of both were mixed together it is difficult to 

 see on what grounds they could be separated. 



H. doris. 



This species and its forms are readily recognised and 

 specifically distinct, as the male claspers show 7 , though 

 many features of the pattern would suggest relationship 

 with metharme. 



H. hewitsoni. 



A distinct species, as shown by the armature. 



H. congener. 



Probably distinct, on the structure of the armature. 



H. sapho, etc. 



The forms of sapho resemble those of cydno, and, as in 

 that species, the two colours, lemon-yellow and white, 

 are remarkably interchangeable. The broad white discal 

 band in sapho cleusinus and sapho leuce appears as a 

 double yellow band in several other forms, whilst the 

 hind-wing hind-marginal white may vary from a mere 

 fringe in sapho leuce to a broad band in eleuchia, or be- 

 come a still broader yellow r band in sapho primularis. 

 The reputed species anliochus, leucadia, and sara do nol 

 show any characteristic differences in the structure of the 

 claspers, and their patterns support the theory of Bpecific 

 identity in the following ways — 



1. All have a tendency to white fringes pointed with 

 black at the nervure ends. 



2. The fore-wing subcostal and median nervines are 

 generally dusted with pale yellow on the underside, the 

 fore-wing subcostal almost invariably. In antiochus this 

 dusting is on the subcostal and median. In many species 

 of sara and leucadia the yellow scales can be seen on the 

 median with a lens. 



